3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in Classrooms
The indoor climate quality in classrooms at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, was investigated as part of the 3SqAir project, supported by the Interreg SUDOE program. This research focused on two equipped classrooms with different ventilation systems: natural and mechanical ventilation. Both clas...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/584 |
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| author | James Ogundiran Jean-Paul Kapuya Bulaba Nyembwe John Omomoluwa Ogundiran Ruben Alexandre de Souto Santos Luísa Dias Pereira Manuel Gameiro da Silva |
| author_facet | James Ogundiran Jean-Paul Kapuya Bulaba Nyembwe John Omomoluwa Ogundiran Ruben Alexandre de Souto Santos Luísa Dias Pereira Manuel Gameiro da Silva |
| author_sort | James Ogundiran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The indoor climate quality in classrooms at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, was investigated as part of the 3SqAir project, supported by the Interreg SUDOE program. This research focused on two equipped classrooms with different ventilation systems: natural and mechanical ventilation. Both classrooms were continuously monitored for IEQ parameters: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, noise, and lighting during heating and cooling seasons. Air temperature, relative humidity, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, sound pressure level, and illuminance were measured. Outdoor weather conditions were also recorded. The primary focus was on air temperature, CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, and relative humidity, while air change rates (ACH) were estimated using the Tracer Gas Method. The results showed inadequate thermal conditions in both classrooms, particularly during the heating season. Most weekly mean CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were within acceptable limits, while ACH were below standard recommendations in four CO<sub>2</sub> decay phases. Simulations of CO<sub>2</sub> decay revealed further air quality gaps in each room. Corrective measures within the 3SqAir project framework were suggested for approval and implementation while monitoring continues. This work represents the first phase in an evolving study towards developing sustainable strategies for improving indoor air quality in classrooms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e776d63dda0a4d4aa9713625dabdc2e2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-e776d63dda0a4d4aa9713625dabdc2e22025-08-20T03:14:35ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-05-0116558410.3390/atmos160505843SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in ClassroomsJames Ogundiran0Jean-Paul Kapuya Bulaba Nyembwe1John Omomoluwa Ogundiran2Ruben Alexandre de Souto Santos3Luísa Dias Pereira4Manuel Gameiro da Silva5Department of Mechanical Engineering Pólo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pólo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pólo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pólo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pólo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Pólo II, University of Coimbra, ADAI-LAETA, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, PortugalThe indoor climate quality in classrooms at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, was investigated as part of the 3SqAir project, supported by the Interreg SUDOE program. This research focused on two equipped classrooms with different ventilation systems: natural and mechanical ventilation. Both classrooms were continuously monitored for IEQ parameters: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, noise, and lighting during heating and cooling seasons. Air temperature, relative humidity, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, sound pressure level, and illuminance were measured. Outdoor weather conditions were also recorded. The primary focus was on air temperature, CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, and relative humidity, while air change rates (ACH) were estimated using the Tracer Gas Method. The results showed inadequate thermal conditions in both classrooms, particularly during the heating season. Most weekly mean CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were within acceptable limits, while ACH were below standard recommendations in four CO<sub>2</sub> decay phases. Simulations of CO<sub>2</sub> decay revealed further air quality gaps in each room. Corrective measures within the 3SqAir project framework were suggested for approval and implementation while monitoring continues. This work represents the first phase in an evolving study towards developing sustainable strategies for improving indoor air quality in classrooms.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/584indoor air qualitythermal comfortclassrooms |
| spellingShingle | James Ogundiran Jean-Paul Kapuya Bulaba Nyembwe John Omomoluwa Ogundiran Ruben Alexandre de Souto Santos Luísa Dias Pereira Manuel Gameiro da Silva 3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in Classrooms Atmosphere indoor air quality thermal comfort classrooms |
| title | 3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in Classrooms |
| title_full | 3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in Classrooms |
| title_fullStr | 3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in Classrooms |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in Classrooms |
| title_short | 3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in Classrooms |
| title_sort | 3sqair project a living lab towards sustainable smart strategy for indoor climate quality assurance in classrooms |
| topic | indoor air quality thermal comfort classrooms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/584 |
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