Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study
AimsWe aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the associations between Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), its precursor and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsIn this prospective study, 940 women were included in a Chinese single -center pregnant cohort. First trimester plasma concent...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1587863/full |
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| author | Geng-Dong Chen Geng-Dong Chen Geng-Dong Chen Ting-Ting Pang Peng-Sheng Li Peng-Sheng Li Peng-Sheng Li Shao-Xin Ye Xiao-Yan Gou Hai-Yan Wang Dong-Xin Lin Dong-Xin Lin Dong-Xin Lin Da-Zhi Fan Da-Zhi Fan Da-Zhi Fan Lu-Sha Deng Li-Juan Wang Zi-Xing Zhou Zi-Xing Zhou Zi-Xing Zhou |
| author_facet | Geng-Dong Chen Geng-Dong Chen Geng-Dong Chen Ting-Ting Pang Peng-Sheng Li Peng-Sheng Li Peng-Sheng Li Shao-Xin Ye Xiao-Yan Gou Hai-Yan Wang Dong-Xin Lin Dong-Xin Lin Dong-Xin Lin Da-Zhi Fan Da-Zhi Fan Da-Zhi Fan Lu-Sha Deng Li-Juan Wang Zi-Xing Zhou Zi-Xing Zhou Zi-Xing Zhou |
| author_sort | Geng-Dong Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AimsWe aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the associations between Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), its precursor and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsIn this prospective study, 940 women were included in a Chinese single -center pregnant cohort. First trimester plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors (betaine, choline, L-carnitine, and trimethylamine) were measured using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. GDM and specific abnormal glucose levels (fasting glucose; one-hour post-load glucose, 1-h PG; two-hour post load glucose, 2-h PG; and 1-h PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L) were assessed through oral glucose tolerance tests. First-trimester plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors were divided into quartile groups (bottom, Q1; middle, Q2 and Q3; top, Q4).ResultsAmong the subjects, 167 (17.8%) were found to have GDM. After adjusting for potential covariates, the lower groups (Q1) of L-carnitine were associated with a higher risk of GDM compared to the reference group (middle quartiles). The OR (95% CI, p) was1.56 (1.04, 2.35, p = 0.032) for L-carnitine. Specifically, the associations were mainly derived from L-carnitine and abnormal 1-h PG. The ORs (95% CI, p) were 2.00 (1.24, 3.24, p = 0.005).ConclusionLow plasma levels (bottom vs. middle quartiles) of L-carnitine the first-trimester pregnancy were associated with a higher risk of GDM and abnormal 1-h PG in Chinese pregnant women. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e766d485b16f4a42943dcd15cea7be96 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e766d485b16f4a42943dcd15cea7be962025-08-20T02:07:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-06-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15878631587863Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort studyGeng-Dong Chen0Geng-Dong Chen1Geng-Dong Chen2Ting-Ting Pang3Peng-Sheng Li4Peng-Sheng Li5Peng-Sheng Li6Shao-Xin Ye7Xiao-Yan Gou8Hai-Yan Wang9Dong-Xin Lin10Dong-Xin Lin11Dong-Xin Lin12Da-Zhi Fan13Da-Zhi Fan14Da-Zhi Fan15Lu-Sha Deng16Li-Juan Wang17Zi-Xing Zhou18Zi-Xing Zhou19Zi-Xing Zhou20Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Maternal-Child Health, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaStem Cell Clinical Research Center, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Medical Records, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Maternal-Child Health, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaStem Cell Clinical Research Center, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaFoshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Maternal-Child Health, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaStem Cell Clinical Research Center, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaFoshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Maternal-Child Health, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaStem Cell Clinical Research Center, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Medical Records, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, ChinaFoshan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Maternal-Child Health, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaStem Cell Clinical Research Center, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, ChinaAimsWe aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the associations between Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), its precursor and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsIn this prospective study, 940 women were included in a Chinese single -center pregnant cohort. First trimester plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors (betaine, choline, L-carnitine, and trimethylamine) were measured using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. GDM and specific abnormal glucose levels (fasting glucose; one-hour post-load glucose, 1-h PG; two-hour post load glucose, 2-h PG; and 1-h PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L) were assessed through oral glucose tolerance tests. First-trimester plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors were divided into quartile groups (bottom, Q1; middle, Q2 and Q3; top, Q4).ResultsAmong the subjects, 167 (17.8%) were found to have GDM. After adjusting for potential covariates, the lower groups (Q1) of L-carnitine were associated with a higher risk of GDM compared to the reference group (middle quartiles). The OR (95% CI, p) was1.56 (1.04, 2.35, p = 0.032) for L-carnitine. Specifically, the associations were mainly derived from L-carnitine and abnormal 1-h PG. The ORs (95% CI, p) were 2.00 (1.24, 3.24, p = 0.005).ConclusionLow plasma levels (bottom vs. middle quartiles) of L-carnitine the first-trimester pregnancy were associated with a higher risk of GDM and abnormal 1-h PG in Chinese pregnant women.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1587863/fulltrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)TMAO precursorsL-carnitinegestational diabetes mellituspregnant women |
| spellingShingle | Geng-Dong Chen Geng-Dong Chen Geng-Dong Chen Ting-Ting Pang Peng-Sheng Li Peng-Sheng Li Peng-Sheng Li Shao-Xin Ye Xiao-Yan Gou Hai-Yan Wang Dong-Xin Lin Dong-Xin Lin Dong-Xin Lin Da-Zhi Fan Da-Zhi Fan Da-Zhi Fan Lu-Sha Deng Li-Juan Wang Zi-Xing Zhou Zi-Xing Zhou Zi-Xing Zhou Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study Frontiers in Nutrition trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) TMAO precursors L-carnitine gestational diabetes mellitus pregnant women |
| title | Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | associations of first trimester tmao and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus a pilot prospective cohort study |
| topic | trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) TMAO precursors L-carnitine gestational diabetes mellitus pregnant women |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1587863/full |
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