How does portfolio use support self-regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training? A qualitative focus group study

Objectives Portfolios are used to support self-regulated learning (SRL), but the research literature is still inconclusive on their effectiveness. This study explored experiences with portfolio use among different stakeholders, to answer the research question: How does portfolio use support SRL duri...

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Main Authors: Anneke Kramer, Margaretha H Sagasser, Bart Thoonen, Angelique A Timmerman, Rozemarijn van der Gulden, Nynke Scherpbier-de Haan, Sylvia Heeneman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2023-02-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e066879.full
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author Anneke Kramer
Margaretha H Sagasser
Bart Thoonen
Angelique A Timmerman
Rozemarijn van der Gulden
Nynke Scherpbier-de Haan
Sylvia Heeneman
author_facet Anneke Kramer
Margaretha H Sagasser
Bart Thoonen
Angelique A Timmerman
Rozemarijn van der Gulden
Nynke Scherpbier-de Haan
Sylvia Heeneman
author_sort Anneke Kramer
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Portfolios are used to support self-regulated learning (SRL), but the research literature is still inconclusive on their effectiveness. This study explored experiences with portfolio use among different stakeholders, to answer the research question: How does portfolio use support SRL during general practitioner (GP) specialty training?Design We used a qualitative research design, based on phenomenology.Setting Three of the eight training institutes of Dutch GP specialty training participated in this study.Participants The three stakeholder groups that use the portfolio were included in nine homogenous focus groups: trainees (n=16), supervisors (n=16) and faculty (n=17). All participants had at least 6-month experience with portfolio use.Results Three themes were identified: SRL with(out) the portfolio, stakeholder dynamics and ambiguities. Respondents were doubtful about the learning benefits of portfolio use, as most trainees used their portfolio to ‘check off’ what was considered required. Stakeholder dynamics contributed to checking off behaviour in two ways. First, trainees experienced documenting learning activities to be superfluous, since the close relationship with their supervisor already supported SRL sufficiently. Second, faculty often (unintentionally) took portfolio ownership away from trainees, as they instructed trainees to deliver portfolio content that was valuable for assessment. Without ownership, trainees struggled to use the portfolio for SRL. Besides, ambiguities related to portfolio use amplified checking off behaviour.Conclusions Portfolio use did not support SRL in our setting. The multipurpose use of the portfolio (for the support of SRL and assessment) was identified as the primary obstacle. Underlying is a conflict that is often present in current medical curricula: agency versus accountability. If the support of SRL is considered a valuable and attainable purpose of portfolio use, it is important to realise that deliberate attention for this purpose is required during the design, guidance, assessment and evaluation of the portfolio.
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spelling doaj-art-e75849012798433ab9b3d7e67bd217d42025-08-20T02:58:07ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552023-02-0113210.1136/bmjopen-2022-066879How does portfolio use support self-regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training? A qualitative focus group studyAnneke Kramer0Margaretha H Sagasser1Bart Thoonen2Angelique A Timmerman3Rozemarijn van der Gulden4Nynke Scherpbier-de Haan5Sylvia Heeneman6Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, South-Holland, NetherlandsNetwork of GP Specialty Training Institute, Utrecht, NetherlandsDepartment of Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of General Practice, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsDepartment of Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Academic Hospital Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Pathology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NetherlandsObjectives Portfolios are used to support self-regulated learning (SRL), but the research literature is still inconclusive on their effectiveness. This study explored experiences with portfolio use among different stakeholders, to answer the research question: How does portfolio use support SRL during general practitioner (GP) specialty training?Design We used a qualitative research design, based on phenomenology.Setting Three of the eight training institutes of Dutch GP specialty training participated in this study.Participants The three stakeholder groups that use the portfolio were included in nine homogenous focus groups: trainees (n=16), supervisors (n=16) and faculty (n=17). All participants had at least 6-month experience with portfolio use.Results Three themes were identified: SRL with(out) the portfolio, stakeholder dynamics and ambiguities. Respondents were doubtful about the learning benefits of portfolio use, as most trainees used their portfolio to ‘check off’ what was considered required. Stakeholder dynamics contributed to checking off behaviour in two ways. First, trainees experienced documenting learning activities to be superfluous, since the close relationship with their supervisor already supported SRL sufficiently. Second, faculty often (unintentionally) took portfolio ownership away from trainees, as they instructed trainees to deliver portfolio content that was valuable for assessment. Without ownership, trainees struggled to use the portfolio for SRL. Besides, ambiguities related to portfolio use amplified checking off behaviour.Conclusions Portfolio use did not support SRL in our setting. The multipurpose use of the portfolio (for the support of SRL and assessment) was identified as the primary obstacle. Underlying is a conflict that is often present in current medical curricula: agency versus accountability. If the support of SRL is considered a valuable and attainable purpose of portfolio use, it is important to realise that deliberate attention for this purpose is required during the design, guidance, assessment and evaluation of the portfolio.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e066879.full
spellingShingle Anneke Kramer
Margaretha H Sagasser
Bart Thoonen
Angelique A Timmerman
Rozemarijn van der Gulden
Nynke Scherpbier-de Haan
Sylvia Heeneman
How does portfolio use support self-regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training? A qualitative focus group study
BMJ Open
title How does portfolio use support self-regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training? A qualitative focus group study
title_full How does portfolio use support self-regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training? A qualitative focus group study
title_fullStr How does portfolio use support self-regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training? A qualitative focus group study
title_full_unstemmed How does portfolio use support self-regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training? A qualitative focus group study
title_short How does portfolio use support self-regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training? A qualitative focus group study
title_sort how does portfolio use support self regulated learning during general practitioner specialty training a qualitative focus group study
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e066879.full
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