Impacts of irrigation system, irrigation rate, and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid Intermountain West

Abstract The industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) industry rapidly emerged in Utah in 2019 with nearly 480 ha of production. Production declined rapidly due to flooded floral hemp markets, but the industry is still viable in the state. Two of the most pressing questions about hemp management among g...

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Main Authors: Tina Sullivan, Matt Yost, Dakota Boren, Burdette Barker, Earl Creech, Bruce Bugbee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70083
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author Tina Sullivan
Matt Yost
Dakota Boren
Burdette Barker
Earl Creech
Bruce Bugbee
author_facet Tina Sullivan
Matt Yost
Dakota Boren
Burdette Barker
Earl Creech
Bruce Bugbee
author_sort Tina Sullivan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) industry rapidly emerged in Utah in 2019 with nearly 480 ha of production. Production declined rapidly due to flooded floral hemp markets, but the industry is still viable in the state. Two of the most pressing questions about hemp management among growers in this region include cultivar selection and irrigation management. An outdoor hemp research trial was established in 2020 near Logan, UT (41.66 N, −111.91 W), to investigate fundamental irrigation strategies and cultivar performance. This trial (2020–2021) examined combinations of three hemp cultivars, four irrigation technologies, and three irrigation rates (100%, 75%, 50% of estimated evapotranspiration of corn [Zea mays L.] given lack of data for hemp) nested within each irrigation technology. Female hemp clones were transplanted in late May and harvested in September and October based on flower maturity. The irrigation technology (mid‐, low‐elevation spray, low‐elevation precision application, and mobile drip) had no significant impacts on hemp yield or cannabinoid concentrations. Hemp biomass yield and cannabidiol concentrations often increased with less applied irrigation in all irrigation technologies. The three hemp cultivars responded similarly to irrigation management, although there was high plant‐to‐plant variability in delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations. This research suggested that floral hemp could be irrigated less than other crops in the region, and irrigation requirements among some hemp cultivars may be similar. Further, robust and representative sampling protocols for THC monitoring are needed to ensure variability is accounted for.
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spelling doaj-art-e750d3fc4524402784ded35a8bece26c2025-08-20T03:26:30ZengWileyAgrosystems, Geosciences & Environment2639-66962025-06-0182n/an/a10.1002/agg2.70083Impacts of irrigation system, irrigation rate, and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid Intermountain WestTina Sullivan0Matt Yost1Dakota Boren2Burdette Barker3Earl Creech4Bruce Bugbee5Plants, Soils, and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah USAPlants, Soils, and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah USAPlants, Soils, and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah USACivil and Environmental Engineering Department Utah State University Logan Utah USAPlants, Soils, and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah USAPlants, Soils, and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah USAAbstract The industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) industry rapidly emerged in Utah in 2019 with nearly 480 ha of production. Production declined rapidly due to flooded floral hemp markets, but the industry is still viable in the state. Two of the most pressing questions about hemp management among growers in this region include cultivar selection and irrigation management. An outdoor hemp research trial was established in 2020 near Logan, UT (41.66 N, −111.91 W), to investigate fundamental irrigation strategies and cultivar performance. This trial (2020–2021) examined combinations of three hemp cultivars, four irrigation technologies, and three irrigation rates (100%, 75%, 50% of estimated evapotranspiration of corn [Zea mays L.] given lack of data for hemp) nested within each irrigation technology. Female hemp clones were transplanted in late May and harvested in September and October based on flower maturity. The irrigation technology (mid‐, low‐elevation spray, low‐elevation precision application, and mobile drip) had no significant impacts on hemp yield or cannabinoid concentrations. Hemp biomass yield and cannabidiol concentrations often increased with less applied irrigation in all irrigation technologies. The three hemp cultivars responded similarly to irrigation management, although there was high plant‐to‐plant variability in delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations. This research suggested that floral hemp could be irrigated less than other crops in the region, and irrigation requirements among some hemp cultivars may be similar. Further, robust and representative sampling protocols for THC monitoring are needed to ensure variability is accounted for.https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70083
spellingShingle Tina Sullivan
Matt Yost
Dakota Boren
Burdette Barker
Earl Creech
Bruce Bugbee
Impacts of irrigation system, irrigation rate, and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid Intermountain West
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
title Impacts of irrigation system, irrigation rate, and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid Intermountain West
title_full Impacts of irrigation system, irrigation rate, and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid Intermountain West
title_fullStr Impacts of irrigation system, irrigation rate, and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid Intermountain West
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of irrigation system, irrigation rate, and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid Intermountain West
title_short Impacts of irrigation system, irrigation rate, and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid Intermountain West
title_sort impacts of irrigation system irrigation rate and cultivar on hemp production in the semiarid intermountain west
url https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70083
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