Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave Applications

This paper presents additively manufactured (3D printed) several standard gain horn antennas which have been designed to ensure simple and low–cost fabrication. In order to validate the proposed manufacturing approach, we have designed a number of antennas covering the entire frequency range from 26...

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Main Authors: Shaker Alkaraki, Zia Ullah Khan, Syeda Fizzah Jilani, Andy Andre Sarker, James R. Kelly, Akram Alomainy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/7/222
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author Shaker Alkaraki
Zia Ullah Khan
Syeda Fizzah Jilani
Andy Andre Sarker
James R. Kelly
Akram Alomainy
author_facet Shaker Alkaraki
Zia Ullah Khan
Syeda Fizzah Jilani
Andy Andre Sarker
James R. Kelly
Akram Alomainy
author_sort Shaker Alkaraki
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents additively manufactured (3D printed) several standard gain horn antennas which have been designed to ensure simple and low–cost fabrication. In order to validate the proposed manufacturing approach, we have designed a number of antennas covering the entire frequency range from 26 GHz to 110 GHz. The proposed antennas have been prototyped and measured. They were found to yield very good performance when compared to commercially available standard gain horn antennas. Unlike metallic standard gain horns antennas, whose manufacturing cost increases as the frequency goes high due to fabrication challenges, the cost of fabricating 3D–printed antennas goes actually down as the frequency increases (up to 110 GHz). The measured performances, in terms of return loss, radiation patterns and gain, of these fabricated 3D printed antennas agree remarkably well with the measured results for commercially available standard gain horns antennas.
format Article
id doaj-art-e74e1f3a406747438414b8d6dc3ecef7
institution DOAJ
issn 2504-4494
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
spelling doaj-art-e74e1f3a406747438414b8d6dc3ecef72025-08-20T02:45:46ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942025-07-019722210.3390/jmmp9070222Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave ApplicationsShaker Alkaraki0Zia Ullah Khan1Syeda Fizzah Jilani2Andy Andre Sarker3James R. Kelly4Akram Alomainy5George Green Institute for Electromagnetics Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKNational Physics Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UKDepartment of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UKSchool of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UKSchool of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UKSchool of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UKThis paper presents additively manufactured (3D printed) several standard gain horn antennas which have been designed to ensure simple and low–cost fabrication. In order to validate the proposed manufacturing approach, we have designed a number of antennas covering the entire frequency range from 26 GHz to 110 GHz. The proposed antennas have been prototyped and measured. They were found to yield very good performance when compared to commercially available standard gain horn antennas. Unlike metallic standard gain horns antennas, whose manufacturing cost increases as the frequency goes high due to fabrication challenges, the cost of fabricating 3D–printed antennas goes actually down as the frequency increases (up to 110 GHz). The measured performances, in terms of return loss, radiation patterns and gain, of these fabricated 3D printed antennas agree remarkably well with the measured results for commercially available standard gain horns antennas.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/7/222conductive metallic paintlow–cost antennasmillimetere–wave3D–printing
spellingShingle Shaker Alkaraki
Zia Ullah Khan
Syeda Fizzah Jilani
Andy Andre Sarker
James R. Kelly
Akram Alomainy
Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave Applications
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
conductive metallic paint
low–cost antennas
millimetere–wave
3D–printing
title Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave Applications
title_full Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave Applications
title_fullStr Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave Applications
title_full_unstemmed Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave Applications
title_short Low–Cost 3D–Printed Standard Gain Horn Antennas for Millimetre–Wave Applications
title_sort low cost 3d printed standard gain horn antennas for millimetre wave applications
topic conductive metallic paint
low–cost antennas
millimetere–wave
3D–printing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/7/222
work_keys_str_mv AT shakeralkaraki lowcost3dprintedstandardgainhornantennasformillimetrewaveapplications
AT ziaullahkhan lowcost3dprintedstandardgainhornantennasformillimetrewaveapplications
AT syedafizzahjilani lowcost3dprintedstandardgainhornantennasformillimetrewaveapplications
AT andyandresarker lowcost3dprintedstandardgainhornantennasformillimetrewaveapplications
AT jamesrkelly lowcost3dprintedstandardgainhornantennasformillimetrewaveapplications
AT akramalomainy lowcost3dprintedstandardgainhornantennasformillimetrewaveapplications