Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements
In the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We exa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3840327 |
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| author | Megan E. Waller Caroline J. Eichhorn Alyssa Gutierrez John E. Baatz Carol L. Wagner Katherine E. Chetta Melinda A. Engevik |
| author_facet | Megan E. Waller Caroline J. Eichhorn Alyssa Gutierrez John E. Baatz Carol L. Wagner Katherine E. Chetta Melinda A. Engevik |
| author_sort | Megan E. Waller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We examined the growth of 16 commensal microbes and 10 pathobionts found in the premature infant gut and found that formula, freshly pasteurized milk, and donated banked milk generally increased bacterial growth. Fortification of human milk significantly elevated the growth of all microbes. Supplementation with thickeners or NaCl in general did not stimulate additional growth. Vitamin mix promoted the growth of several commensals, while iron promoted growth of pathobionts. These data indicate that pathobionts in the preterm gut have significant growth advantage with preterm formula, fortified donor milk, and supplemented iron and suggest that the choice of milk and supplements may impact the infant gut microbiota. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e74ca43b1bab4a5da81cb115389eb519 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1687-9198 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e74ca43b1bab4a5da81cb115389eb5192025-08-20T02:58:11ZengWileyInternational Journal of Microbiology1687-91982024-01-01202410.1155/2024/3840327Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care SupplementsMegan E. Waller0Caroline J. Eichhorn1Alyssa Gutierrez2John E. Baatz3Carol L. Wagner4Katherine E. Chetta5Melinda A. Engevik6Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyDepartment of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyDepartment of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyIn the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We examined the growth of 16 commensal microbes and 10 pathobionts found in the premature infant gut and found that formula, freshly pasteurized milk, and donated banked milk generally increased bacterial growth. Fortification of human milk significantly elevated the growth of all microbes. Supplementation with thickeners or NaCl in general did not stimulate additional growth. Vitamin mix promoted the growth of several commensals, while iron promoted growth of pathobionts. These data indicate that pathobionts in the preterm gut have significant growth advantage with preterm formula, fortified donor milk, and supplemented iron and suggest that the choice of milk and supplements may impact the infant gut microbiota.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3840327 |
| spellingShingle | Megan E. Waller Caroline J. Eichhorn Alyssa Gutierrez John E. Baatz Carol L. Wagner Katherine E. Chetta Melinda A. Engevik Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements International Journal of Microbiology |
| title | Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements |
| title_full | Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements |
| title_fullStr | Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements |
| title_short | Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements |
| title_sort | analyzing the responses of enteric bacteria to neonatal intensive care supplements |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3840327 |
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