Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements

In the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We exa...

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Main Authors: Megan E. Waller, Caroline J. Eichhorn, Alyssa Gutierrez, John E. Baatz, Carol L. Wagner, Katherine E. Chetta, Melinda A. Engevik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:International Journal of Microbiology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3840327
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author Megan E. Waller
Caroline J. Eichhorn
Alyssa Gutierrez
John E. Baatz
Carol L. Wagner
Katherine E. Chetta
Melinda A. Engevik
author_facet Megan E. Waller
Caroline J. Eichhorn
Alyssa Gutierrez
John E. Baatz
Carol L. Wagner
Katherine E. Chetta
Melinda A. Engevik
author_sort Megan E. Waller
collection DOAJ
description In the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We examined the growth of 16 commensal microbes and 10 pathobionts found in the premature infant gut and found that formula, freshly pasteurized milk, and donated banked milk generally increased bacterial growth. Fortification of human milk significantly elevated the growth of all microbes. Supplementation with thickeners or NaCl in general did not stimulate additional growth. Vitamin mix promoted the growth of several commensals, while iron promoted growth of pathobionts. These data indicate that pathobionts in the preterm gut have significant growth advantage with preterm formula, fortified donor milk, and supplemented iron and suggest that the choice of milk and supplements may impact the infant gut microbiota.
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spelling doaj-art-e74ca43b1bab4a5da81cb115389eb5192025-08-20T02:58:11ZengWileyInternational Journal of Microbiology1687-91982024-01-01202410.1155/2024/3840327Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care SupplementsMegan E. Waller0Caroline J. Eichhorn1Alyssa Gutierrez2John E. Baatz3Carol L. Wagner4Katherine E. Chetta5Melinda A. Engevik6Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyDepartment of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyDepartment of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of PediatricsDepartment of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyIn the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We examined the growth of 16 commensal microbes and 10 pathobionts found in the premature infant gut and found that formula, freshly pasteurized milk, and donated banked milk generally increased bacterial growth. Fortification of human milk significantly elevated the growth of all microbes. Supplementation with thickeners or NaCl in general did not stimulate additional growth. Vitamin mix promoted the growth of several commensals, while iron promoted growth of pathobionts. These data indicate that pathobionts in the preterm gut have significant growth advantage with preterm formula, fortified donor milk, and supplemented iron and suggest that the choice of milk and supplements may impact the infant gut microbiota.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3840327
spellingShingle Megan E. Waller
Caroline J. Eichhorn
Alyssa Gutierrez
John E. Baatz
Carol L. Wagner
Katherine E. Chetta
Melinda A. Engevik
Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements
International Journal of Microbiology
title Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements
title_full Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements
title_fullStr Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements
title_full_unstemmed Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements
title_short Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements
title_sort analyzing the responses of enteric bacteria to neonatal intensive care supplements
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3840327
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