Indoor air quality perception: Enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfort

Growing environmental and public health concerns have increased the need for healthy buildings, with indoor air quality (IAQ) emerging as a priority. While technological advancements in IAQ management have progressed, research often overlooks individual comfort perception and behavioral factors infl...

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Main Authors: Inês Veiga, Tiago Oliveira, Mijail Naranjo-Zolotov, Ricardo Martins, Stylianos Karatzas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Environment International
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025004416
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author Inês Veiga
Tiago Oliveira
Mijail Naranjo-Zolotov
Ricardo Martins
Stylianos Karatzas
author_facet Inês Veiga
Tiago Oliveira
Mijail Naranjo-Zolotov
Ricardo Martins
Stylianos Karatzas
author_sort Inês Veiga
collection DOAJ
description Growing environmental and public health concerns have increased the need for healthy buildings, with indoor air quality (IAQ) emerging as a priority. While technological advancements in IAQ management have progressed, research often overlooks individual comfort perception and behavioral factors influencing it and disconnects IAQ improvements from behavioral insights. This study explores how personal characteristics, perceived inhibitors, and enablers shape comfort perception in indoor environments managed by Internet of Things-based IAQ management technologies (IAQMTs). Given the EU’s growing emphasis on smart, energy-efficient, and occupant-centered buildings, we examine comfort perceptions across seven European countries to inform user-centered IAQ strategies aligned with policy goals. Grounded in the dual-factor theory, we employed a survey-based approach in the European context and analyzed responses from 2800 individuals using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our model demonstrated strong explanatory power, accounting for over 65 % of the variance in perceived IAQ and comfort in public environments. Key enablers are intuitiveness, response efficacy, and hedonic motivation, while convenience is not. Information and privacy concerns are not inhibitors. Health consciousness and environmental consciousness are important individual characteristics when it comes to perception. Perceived good IAQ was the strongest predictor of comfort in public spaces. The findings emphasize the importance of intuitive, transparent, and engaging IAQMTs that visibly demonstrate pollutant reduction and comfort enhancement. We recommend that building managers and technology developers incorporate user-centered features, such as clear interfaces, gamification elements, personalized controls, and communication strategies highlighting health and environmental benefits, to foster adoption and improve occupant comfort. Our findings support a human-centered approach, integrating behavioral insights into environmental health science, focusing beyond technical metrics and more on occupant beliefs and perceptions, supporting strategies that align with user needs and EU goals.
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spelling doaj-art-e74b2a861c4949d582b017d30c07e4d02025-08-20T03:35:43ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-08-0120210969010.1016/j.envint.2025.109690Indoor air quality perception: Enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfortInês Veiga0Tiago Oliveira1Mijail Naranjo-Zolotov2Ricardo Martins3Stylianos Karatzas4NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal; Corresponding author.NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, PortugalNOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, PortugalNOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras 26500 Patras, GreeceGrowing environmental and public health concerns have increased the need for healthy buildings, with indoor air quality (IAQ) emerging as a priority. While technological advancements in IAQ management have progressed, research often overlooks individual comfort perception and behavioral factors influencing it and disconnects IAQ improvements from behavioral insights. This study explores how personal characteristics, perceived inhibitors, and enablers shape comfort perception in indoor environments managed by Internet of Things-based IAQ management technologies (IAQMTs). Given the EU’s growing emphasis on smart, energy-efficient, and occupant-centered buildings, we examine comfort perceptions across seven European countries to inform user-centered IAQ strategies aligned with policy goals. Grounded in the dual-factor theory, we employed a survey-based approach in the European context and analyzed responses from 2800 individuals using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our model demonstrated strong explanatory power, accounting for over 65 % of the variance in perceived IAQ and comfort in public environments. Key enablers are intuitiveness, response efficacy, and hedonic motivation, while convenience is not. Information and privacy concerns are not inhibitors. Health consciousness and environmental consciousness are important individual characteristics when it comes to perception. Perceived good IAQ was the strongest predictor of comfort in public spaces. The findings emphasize the importance of intuitive, transparent, and engaging IAQMTs that visibly demonstrate pollutant reduction and comfort enhancement. We recommend that building managers and technology developers incorporate user-centered features, such as clear interfaces, gamification elements, personalized controls, and communication strategies highlighting health and environmental benefits, to foster adoption and improve occupant comfort. Our findings support a human-centered approach, integrating behavioral insights into environmental health science, focusing beyond technical metrics and more on occupant beliefs and perceptions, supporting strategies that align with user needs and EU goals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025004416Indoor air qualityComfortPLS-SEMDual-factor theory
spellingShingle Inês Veiga
Tiago Oliveira
Mijail Naranjo-Zolotov
Ricardo Martins
Stylianos Karatzas
Indoor air quality perception: Enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfort
Environment International
Indoor air quality
Comfort
PLS-SEM
Dual-factor theory
title Indoor air quality perception: Enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfort
title_full Indoor air quality perception: Enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfort
title_fullStr Indoor air quality perception: Enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfort
title_full_unstemmed Indoor air quality perception: Enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfort
title_short Indoor air quality perception: Enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfort
title_sort indoor air quality perception enablers and inhibitors of perceived occupant comfort
topic Indoor air quality
Comfort
PLS-SEM
Dual-factor theory
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025004416
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AT mijailnaranjozolotov indoorairqualityperceptionenablersandinhibitorsofperceivedoccupantcomfort
AT ricardomartins indoorairqualityperceptionenablersandinhibitorsofperceivedoccupantcomfort
AT stylianoskaratzas indoorairqualityperceptionenablersandinhibitorsofperceivedoccupantcomfort