Predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning: a retrospective registry-based study at a major trauma centre

Objective To develop models to predict opportunities for improvement in trauma care and compare the performance of these models to the currently used audit filters.Design Retrospective registry-based study.Setting Single-centre, Scandinavian level one equivalent trauma centre.Participants 8220 adult...

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Main Authors: Martin Gerdin Wärnberg, Lovisa Strömmer, Jonatan Attergrim, Kelvin Szolnoky, Olof Brattström, Martin Jacobsson, Gunilla Wihlke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e099624.full
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author Martin Gerdin Wärnberg
Lovisa Strömmer
Jonatan Attergrim
Kelvin Szolnoky
Olof Brattström
Martin Jacobsson
Gunilla Wihlke
author_facet Martin Gerdin Wärnberg
Lovisa Strömmer
Jonatan Attergrim
Kelvin Szolnoky
Olof Brattström
Martin Jacobsson
Gunilla Wihlke
author_sort Martin Gerdin Wärnberg
collection DOAJ
description Objective To develop models to predict opportunities for improvement in trauma care and compare the performance of these models to the currently used audit filters.Design Retrospective registry-based study.Setting Single-centre, Scandinavian level one equivalent trauma centre.Participants 8220 adult trauma patients screened for opportunities for improvement between 2013 and 2022.Primary and secondary outcome measures Two machine learning models (logistic regression and XGBoost) and the currently used audit filters were compared. Internal validation by an expanding window approach with annual updates was used for model evaluation. Performance measured by discrimination, calibration, sensitivity and false positive rate of opportunities for improvement prediction.Results A total of 8220 patients, with a mean age of 45 years, were analysed; 69% were men with a mean injury severity score of 12. Opportunities for improvement were identified in 496 (6%) patients. Both the logistic regression and XGBoost models were well-calibrated, with intercalibration indices of 0.02 and 0.02, respectively. The models demonstrated higher areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) (logistic regression: 0.71; XGBoost: 0.74). The XGBoost model had a lower false positive rate at a similar sensitivity (false positive rate: 0.63). The audit filters had an AUC of 0.62 and a false positive rate of 0.67.Conclusions The logistic regression and XGBoost models outperformed audit filters in predicting opportunities for improvement among adult trauma patients and can potentially be used to improve systems for selecting patients for trauma peer review.
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spelling doaj-art-e747208b014d43328de7231501641ddd2025-08-20T02:05:35ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-06-0115610.1136/bmjopen-2025-099624Predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning: a retrospective registry-based study at a major trauma centreMartin Gerdin Wärnberg0Lovisa Strömmer1Jonatan Attergrim2Kelvin Szolnoky3Olof Brattström4Martin Jacobsson5Gunilla Wihlke6Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Surgery, Capio S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Mora Hospital, Mora, SwedenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SwedenPerioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenObjective To develop models to predict opportunities for improvement in trauma care and compare the performance of these models to the currently used audit filters.Design Retrospective registry-based study.Setting Single-centre, Scandinavian level one equivalent trauma centre.Participants 8220 adult trauma patients screened for opportunities for improvement between 2013 and 2022.Primary and secondary outcome measures Two machine learning models (logistic regression and XGBoost) and the currently used audit filters were compared. Internal validation by an expanding window approach with annual updates was used for model evaluation. Performance measured by discrimination, calibration, sensitivity and false positive rate of opportunities for improvement prediction.Results A total of 8220 patients, with a mean age of 45 years, were analysed; 69% were men with a mean injury severity score of 12. Opportunities for improvement were identified in 496 (6%) patients. Both the logistic regression and XGBoost models were well-calibrated, with intercalibration indices of 0.02 and 0.02, respectively. The models demonstrated higher areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) (logistic regression: 0.71; XGBoost: 0.74). The XGBoost model had a lower false positive rate at a similar sensitivity (false positive rate: 0.63). The audit filters had an AUC of 0.62 and a false positive rate of 0.67.Conclusions The logistic regression and XGBoost models outperformed audit filters in predicting opportunities for improvement among adult trauma patients and can potentially be used to improve systems for selecting patients for trauma peer review.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e099624.full
spellingShingle Martin Gerdin Wärnberg
Lovisa Strömmer
Jonatan Attergrim
Kelvin Szolnoky
Olof Brattström
Martin Jacobsson
Gunilla Wihlke
Predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning: a retrospective registry-based study at a major trauma centre
BMJ Open
title Predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning: a retrospective registry-based study at a major trauma centre
title_full Predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning: a retrospective registry-based study at a major trauma centre
title_fullStr Predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning: a retrospective registry-based study at a major trauma centre
title_full_unstemmed Predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning: a retrospective registry-based study at a major trauma centre
title_short Predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning: a retrospective registry-based study at a major trauma centre
title_sort predicting opportunities for improvement in trauma care using machine learning a retrospective registry based study at a major trauma centre
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e099624.full
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