Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping review
Abstract Background Adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and stillbirth) seem to persist in infants born to people with HIV, even in the context of maternal antiretroviral therapy. However, findings have been disparate, inconclusive, and difficult to co...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06939-5 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850100396756828160 |
|---|---|
| author | Kopano R. Dube Shani T. de Beer Kathleen M. Powis Michael McCaul Amy L. Slogrove |
| author_facet | Kopano R. Dube Shani T. de Beer Kathleen M. Powis Michael McCaul Amy L. Slogrove |
| author_sort | Kopano R. Dube |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and stillbirth) seem to persist in infants born to people with HIV, even in the context of maternal antiretroviral therapy. However, findings have been disparate, inconclusive, and difficult to compare directly across settings, partly owing to variable outcome definitions. We aimed to collate, compare, and map existing adverse birth outcome definitions to inform a harmonized approach to universally measure these outcomes in studies including pregnant people with HIV. Methods We conducted a scoping review of studies that reported adverse birth outcomes associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral use in pregnancy, specifically those that included definitions of ‘preterm birth’, ‘low birth weight’, ‘small for gestational age’, and ‘stillbirth’. Five databases were searched from 01 January 2011 to 15 August 2022. Title, abstract and full-text screening was conducted independently in duplicate. A comparative quantitative analysis was conducted to compare study characteristics by period of study (< 2013; 2013–2015; > 2016) and country income group. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to compare and map deviations from the WHO definitions as a reference. Results Of the 294 articles that included at least one adverse birth outcome, 214 (73%) studies started before 2013, 268 (91%) were published as primary research articles, and 137 (47%) were conducted in Eastern and Southern Africa. Among the 283 studies included in the country income group analysis, 178 (63%) were conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Studies reporting low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age and stillbirth deviated from the WHO definitions in n = 11/169 (7%), n = 93/246 (39%), n = 40/112 (36%) and n = 85/108 (79%) instances, respectively. The variations included the use of different thresholds and the addition of new terminology. Conclusion The current WHO definitions are valuable tools for population-level monitoring; however, through consensus, these definitions need to be optimized for research data collection, analysis, and presentation. In conjunction with good reporting, variation in adverse birth outcome definitions can be decreased to facilitate comparability of studies as well as pooling of data for enhanced evidence synthesis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e73eb5d3a67e4e78a0d42fa545de5118 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj-art-e73eb5d3a67e4e78a0d42fa545de51182025-08-20T02:40:18ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932024-12-0124111110.1186/s12884-024-06939-5Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping reviewKopano R. Dube0Shani T. de Beer1Kathleen M. Powis2Michael McCaul3Amy L. Slogrove4Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityCentre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityDepartment of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityAbstract Background Adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and stillbirth) seem to persist in infants born to people with HIV, even in the context of maternal antiretroviral therapy. However, findings have been disparate, inconclusive, and difficult to compare directly across settings, partly owing to variable outcome definitions. We aimed to collate, compare, and map existing adverse birth outcome definitions to inform a harmonized approach to universally measure these outcomes in studies including pregnant people with HIV. Methods We conducted a scoping review of studies that reported adverse birth outcomes associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral use in pregnancy, specifically those that included definitions of ‘preterm birth’, ‘low birth weight’, ‘small for gestational age’, and ‘stillbirth’. Five databases were searched from 01 January 2011 to 15 August 2022. Title, abstract and full-text screening was conducted independently in duplicate. A comparative quantitative analysis was conducted to compare study characteristics by period of study (< 2013; 2013–2015; > 2016) and country income group. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to compare and map deviations from the WHO definitions as a reference. Results Of the 294 articles that included at least one adverse birth outcome, 214 (73%) studies started before 2013, 268 (91%) were published as primary research articles, and 137 (47%) were conducted in Eastern and Southern Africa. Among the 283 studies included in the country income group analysis, 178 (63%) were conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Studies reporting low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age and stillbirth deviated from the WHO definitions in n = 11/169 (7%), n = 93/246 (39%), n = 40/112 (36%) and n = 85/108 (79%) instances, respectively. The variations included the use of different thresholds and the addition of new terminology. Conclusion The current WHO definitions are valuable tools for population-level monitoring; however, through consensus, these definitions need to be optimized for research data collection, analysis, and presentation. In conjunction with good reporting, variation in adverse birth outcome definitions can be decreased to facilitate comparability of studies as well as pooling of data for enhanced evidence synthesis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06939-5PregnancyLow birth weightPreterm birthStillbornSmall for gestational ageHIV |
| spellingShingle | Kopano R. Dube Shani T. de Beer Kathleen M. Powis Michael McCaul Amy L. Slogrove Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping review BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Pregnancy Low birth weight Preterm birth Stillborn Small for gestational age HIV |
| title | Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping review |
| title_full | Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping review |
| title_fullStr | Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping review |
| title_short | Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping review |
| title_sort | adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal hiv and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy a scoping review |
| topic | Pregnancy Low birth weight Preterm birth Stillborn Small for gestational age HIV |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06939-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kopanordube adversebirthoutcomeresearchcasedefinitionsassociatedwithmaternalhivandantiretroviraldruguseinpregnancyascopingreview AT shanitdebeer adversebirthoutcomeresearchcasedefinitionsassociatedwithmaternalhivandantiretroviraldruguseinpregnancyascopingreview AT kathleenmpowis adversebirthoutcomeresearchcasedefinitionsassociatedwithmaternalhivandantiretroviraldruguseinpregnancyascopingreview AT michaelmccaul adversebirthoutcomeresearchcasedefinitionsassociatedwithmaternalhivandantiretroviraldruguseinpregnancyascopingreview AT amylslogrove adversebirthoutcomeresearchcasedefinitionsassociatedwithmaternalhivandantiretroviraldruguseinpregnancyascopingreview |