Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of mass
Mathematical models are an integral part of science that play a huge role in predicting processes. These models are usually made based on data corresponding to events (in the past) or laboratory data.According to our studies, all mathematical models (absorption isotherm, absorption kinetics, precipi...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001403 |
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| author | Shayan Shamohammadi Najmeh Aghabozorgi Hamid Reza Motaghian Abolfazl Semnani |
| author_facet | Shayan Shamohammadi Najmeh Aghabozorgi Hamid Reza Motaghian Abolfazl Semnani |
| author_sort | Shayan Shamohammadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mathematical models are an integral part of science that play a huge role in predicting processes. These models are usually made based on data corresponding to events (in the past) or laboratory data.According to our studies, all mathematical models (absorption isotherm, absorption kinetics, precipitation-runoff and kinetics of water infiltration into the soil) have deficiencies, some of which are related to the lack of knowledge of boundary conditions. Also, some models that are more accurate are also very complicated due to their experimental nature.The purpose of this study is to introduce a law that can be used to determine the limiting conditions of mass curves and to obtain mathematical models suitable for mass curves. In other words, this law can help a lot to build models, especially models based on equilibrium systems in the field of crime.In order to introduce the law of “irreversibility', past studies in various scientific departments have been used, including: chemistry (surface chemistry) and physics (hydrology and water-soil). Also, the author's experiences in building many models in different scientific fields have been used.In order to achieve the goals of the study, walnut green shell (GWH) and its biochar (GWHB) adsorbents to remove heavy metals (Fe+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Ni+2, Cd+2, Cu+2) used. The results showed that the capacity calculated by Shamhammadi isotherm model is equal to the capacity calculated by pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, but the average capacity calculated by Shamhammadi model (and PSO model) is between 20 % (GWH) and 66 % (GWHB) is higher than the average capacity calculated by the Langmuir model. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e73c100fe23147b39d45449d6df01c7d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-0164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-e73c100fe23147b39d45449d6df01c7d2025-08-20T02:51:06ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642024-12-011010074610.1016/j.cscee.2024.100746Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of massShayan Shamohammadi0Najmeh Aghabozorgi1Hamid Reza Motaghian2Abolfazl Semnani3Department of Water Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Water Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, IranDepartment of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, IranDepartment of Chemistry, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, IranMathematical models are an integral part of science that play a huge role in predicting processes. These models are usually made based on data corresponding to events (in the past) or laboratory data.According to our studies, all mathematical models (absorption isotherm, absorption kinetics, precipitation-runoff and kinetics of water infiltration into the soil) have deficiencies, some of which are related to the lack of knowledge of boundary conditions. Also, some models that are more accurate are also very complicated due to their experimental nature.The purpose of this study is to introduce a law that can be used to determine the limiting conditions of mass curves and to obtain mathematical models suitable for mass curves. In other words, this law can help a lot to build models, especially models based on equilibrium systems in the field of crime.In order to introduce the law of “irreversibility', past studies in various scientific departments have been used, including: chemistry (surface chemistry) and physics (hydrology and water-soil). Also, the author's experiences in building many models in different scientific fields have been used.In order to achieve the goals of the study, walnut green shell (GWH) and its biochar (GWHB) adsorbents to remove heavy metals (Fe+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Ni+2, Cd+2, Cu+2) used. The results showed that the capacity calculated by Shamhammadi isotherm model is equal to the capacity calculated by pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, but the average capacity calculated by Shamhammadi model (and PSO model) is between 20 % (GWH) and 66 % (GWHB) is higher than the average capacity calculated by the Langmuir model.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001403Law of irreversibilityAbsorption modelsDynamic mass equationWalnut shellDynamic equilibrium |
| spellingShingle | Shayan Shamohammadi Najmeh Aghabozorgi Hamid Reza Motaghian Abolfazl Semnani Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of mass Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Law of irreversibility Absorption models Dynamic mass equation Walnut shell Dynamic equilibrium |
| title | Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of mass |
| title_full | Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of mass |
| title_fullStr | Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of mass |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of mass |
| title_short | Introducing the law of “irreversibility' in the dynamic equilibrium of mass |
| title_sort | introducing the law of irreversibility in the dynamic equilibrium of mass |
| topic | Law of irreversibility Absorption models Dynamic mass equation Walnut shell Dynamic equilibrium |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424001403 |
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