Water–Energy–Land–Food Nexus Performance and Regional Inequality Toward Low-Carbon Transition in China

The transition to a low-carbon economy in China necessitates an integrated understanding of the interdependencies within the water–energy–land–food (WELF) nexus. This study evaluates the performance of the WELF nexus across Chinese provinces and examines regional disparities that may hinder or facil...

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Main Authors: Qi Yao, Hailin Cao, Ruilian Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Land
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1343
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author Qi Yao
Hailin Cao
Ruilian Zhang
author_facet Qi Yao
Hailin Cao
Ruilian Zhang
author_sort Qi Yao
collection DOAJ
description The transition to a low-carbon economy in China necessitates an integrated understanding of the interdependencies within the water–energy–land–food (WELF) nexus. This study evaluates the performance of the WELF nexus across Chinese provinces and examines regional disparities that may hinder or facilitate sustainable development goals. Using a multi-dimensional performance index and spatial econometric analysis, we identified key synergies and trade-offs among resource systems under low-carbon policy scenarios. The results revealed significant regional inequalities in nexus efficiency, with economically developed regions exhibiting higher integration and resource optimization, while less-developed areas face persistent structural challenges. These disparities underscore the need for regionally tailored policy interventions that address localized constraints while promoting cohesive national strategies. Our findings provide critical insights for policymakers aiming to align resource management with China’s climate commitments and sustainable development agenda.
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series Land
spelling doaj-art-e73ba68a65c142e6b10c6440e58f275d2025-08-20T03:32:27ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-06-01147134310.3390/land14071343Water–Energy–Land–Food Nexus Performance and Regional Inequality Toward Low-Carbon Transition in ChinaQi Yao0Hailin Cao1Ruilian Zhang2School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaSchool of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaSustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaThe transition to a low-carbon economy in China necessitates an integrated understanding of the interdependencies within the water–energy–land–food (WELF) nexus. This study evaluates the performance of the WELF nexus across Chinese provinces and examines regional disparities that may hinder or facilitate sustainable development goals. Using a multi-dimensional performance index and spatial econometric analysis, we identified key synergies and trade-offs among resource systems under low-carbon policy scenarios. The results revealed significant regional inequalities in nexus efficiency, with economically developed regions exhibiting higher integration and resource optimization, while less-developed areas face persistent structural challenges. These disparities underscore the need for regionally tailored policy interventions that address localized constraints while promoting cohesive national strategies. Our findings provide critical insights for policymakers aiming to align resource management with China’s climate commitments and sustainable development agenda.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1343just transitionland managementwater–energy–land–food nexusclimate changeregional inequality
spellingShingle Qi Yao
Hailin Cao
Ruilian Zhang
Water–Energy–Land–Food Nexus Performance and Regional Inequality Toward Low-Carbon Transition in China
Land
just transition
land management
water–energy–land–food nexus
climate change
regional inequality
title Water–Energy–Land–Food Nexus Performance and Regional Inequality Toward Low-Carbon Transition in China
title_full Water–Energy–Land–Food Nexus Performance and Regional Inequality Toward Low-Carbon Transition in China
title_fullStr Water–Energy–Land–Food Nexus Performance and Regional Inequality Toward Low-Carbon Transition in China
title_full_unstemmed Water–Energy–Land–Food Nexus Performance and Regional Inequality Toward Low-Carbon Transition in China
title_short Water–Energy–Land–Food Nexus Performance and Regional Inequality Toward Low-Carbon Transition in China
title_sort water energy land food nexus performance and regional inequality toward low carbon transition in china
topic just transition
land management
water–energy–land–food nexus
climate change
regional inequality
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1343
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AT hailincao waterenergylandfoodnexusperformanceandregionalinequalitytowardlowcarbontransitioninchina
AT ruilianzhang waterenergylandfoodnexusperformanceandregionalinequalitytowardlowcarbontransitioninchina