Exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients

Abstract Introduction: Culture data may help determine antibiotic administration options for nonoperative complicated appendicitis. Variability exists in treatment strategies, from solely using intravenous therapy, including outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT), to transitioning to or...

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Main Authors: Rebecca John, Alvaro E. Galvis, Robert F.T. Bucayu, John Schomberg, Yigit Guner, Antonio Arrieta, Delma Nieves
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology
Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2732494X25000749/type/journal_article
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author Rebecca John
Alvaro E. Galvis
Robert F.T. Bucayu
John Schomberg
Yigit Guner
Antonio Arrieta
Delma Nieves
author_facet Rebecca John
Alvaro E. Galvis
Robert F.T. Bucayu
John Schomberg
Yigit Guner
Antonio Arrieta
Delma Nieves
author_sort Rebecca John
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction: Culture data may help determine antibiotic administration options for nonoperative complicated appendicitis. Variability exists in treatment strategies, from solely using intravenous therapy, including outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT), to transitioning to oral (PO) antibiotics. We hypothesize that most patients have an oral antibiotic option based on culture results and that there is no increased rate of readmission due to treatment failure with oral antibiotics. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study reviewing antibiotic treatment of pediatric patients treated with nonoperative management for complicated appendicitis with abscesses percutaneously drained by Interventional Radiology (IR). We compared case-mix demographic variables, choice and route of antibiotic therapy, culture data, and clinical outcomes between those who exclusively received parenteral antibiotics therapy (PAT) and those who were switched to oral therapy (PO). Results: We identified 54 cases of nonoperative complicated appendicitis who underwent IR abscess drainage from 2014 to 2019. Forty-five [83%] patients completed therapy with PAT and 9 with PO; forty-six of 54 patients (85%) patients had an oral antibiotic(s) option based on sensitivities. Readmissions and complications included 6 (11%) patients. Three (50%) patients were readmitted due to antibiotic treatment failure with worsening of abscess formation, 2 due to PICC (peripherally inserted central catheters) issues, and 1 due to a drug reaction. Conclusions: Most patients with nonoperative complicated appendicitis can be transitioned to oral antibiotic options based on the culture susceptibility profiles.
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spelling doaj-art-e7320bb9b7e04b8d83af2454c3b462ef2025-08-20T02:17:20ZengCambridge University PressAntimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology2732-494X2025-01-01510.1017/ash.2025.74Exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patientsRebecca John0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-4952Alvaro E. Galvis1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-7135Robert F.T. Bucayu2John Schomberg3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-5911Yigit Guner4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-0832Antonio Arrieta5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9281-8915Delma Nieves6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-7111Division of Surgery, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USASchool of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USADepartment of Trauma/Nursing Administration, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA, USADivision of Surgery, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Abstract Introduction: Culture data may help determine antibiotic administration options for nonoperative complicated appendicitis. Variability exists in treatment strategies, from solely using intravenous therapy, including outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT), to transitioning to oral (PO) antibiotics. We hypothesize that most patients have an oral antibiotic option based on culture results and that there is no increased rate of readmission due to treatment failure with oral antibiotics. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study reviewing antibiotic treatment of pediatric patients treated with nonoperative management for complicated appendicitis with abscesses percutaneously drained by Interventional Radiology (IR). We compared case-mix demographic variables, choice and route of antibiotic therapy, culture data, and clinical outcomes between those who exclusively received parenteral antibiotics therapy (PAT) and those who were switched to oral therapy (PO). Results: We identified 54 cases of nonoperative complicated appendicitis who underwent IR abscess drainage from 2014 to 2019. Forty-five [83%] patients completed therapy with PAT and 9 with PO; forty-six of 54 patients (85%) patients had an oral antibiotic(s) option based on sensitivities. Readmissions and complications included 6 (11%) patients. Three (50%) patients were readmitted due to antibiotic treatment failure with worsening of abscess formation, 2 due to PICC (peripherally inserted central catheters) issues, and 1 due to a drug reaction. Conclusions: Most patients with nonoperative complicated appendicitis can be transitioned to oral antibiotic options based on the culture susceptibility profiles. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2732494X25000749/type/journal_article
spellingShingle Rebecca John
Alvaro E. Galvis
Robert F.T. Bucayu
John Schomberg
Yigit Guner
Antonio Arrieta
Delma Nieves
Exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients
Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology
title Exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients
title_full Exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients
title_fullStr Exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients
title_full_unstemmed Exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients
title_short Exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients
title_sort exploring oral antibiotics for antibiotic stewardship in nonoperative management of complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2732494X25000749/type/journal_article
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