Dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and Runge–Kutta solutions

This study presents a comprehensive mathematical and computational analysis of a competitive market model, incorporating Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the Hamiltonian formulation, and the Runge–Kutta (RK4) numerical method. The proposed model accounts for market share dynamics, pricing strategies,...

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Main Authors: Awad Talal Alabdala, Asmaa Alhassan, Maan T. Alabdullah, Waleed Adel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266681812500083X
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author Awad Talal Alabdala
Asmaa Alhassan
Maan T. Alabdullah
Waleed Adel
author_facet Awad Talal Alabdala
Asmaa Alhassan
Maan T. Alabdullah
Waleed Adel
author_sort Awad Talal Alabdala
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a comprehensive mathematical and computational analysis of a competitive market model, incorporating Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the Hamiltonian formulation, and the Runge–Kutta (RK4) numerical method. The proposed model accounts for market share dynamics, pricing strategies, and advertising efforts, capturing real-world competitive interactions through logistic growth functions and nonlinear incidence rates. By formulating the problem as a differential game, we analyze the optimal control strategies of firms aiming to maximize their long-term market positions while minimizing operational costs. The results indicate that firms implementing aggressive pricing strategies initially experience rapid market share growth but later face diminishing returns due to market saturation and competitive responses. Conversely, firms adopting moderate strategies achieve sustained growth and long-term stability. Numerical simulations reveal the impact of damping effects, demonstrating that firms must balance short-term profitability with sustainable competitive positioning to maintain market dominance. The study also explores the role of advertising intensity, highlighting the nonlinear relationship between promotional expenditures and market gains. These findings provide valuable insights for firms seeking to refine their strategic decision-making in highly competitive environments. The research also emphasizes the importance of numerical optimization techniques in addressing real-world economic challenges, paving the way for future studies that integrate stochastic modeling, adaptive learning, and hybrid computational methods to enhance predictive accuracy in competitive market dynamics.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics
spelling doaj-art-e72d3027a71e4fc989c47f121b4b0c672025-08-20T02:49:55ZengElsevierPartial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics2666-81812025-06-011410115610.1016/j.padiff.2025.101156Dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and Runge–Kutta solutionsAwad Talal Alabdala0Asmaa Alhassan1Maan T. Alabdullah2Waleed Adel3Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de l’Université Francaise d’Egypte (UFEID Lab), Université Francaise d’Egypte, Cairo 11837, EgyptLaboratoire Interdisciplinaire de l’Université Francaise d’Egypte (UFEID Lab), Université Francaise d’Egypte, Cairo 11837, EgyptLaboratoire Interdisciplinaire de l’Université Francaise d’Egypte (UFEID Lab), Université Francaise d’Egypte, Cairo 11837, EgyptLaboratoire Interdisciplinaire de l’Université Francaise d’Egypte (UFEID Lab), Université Francaise d’Egypte, Cairo 11837, Egypt; Department of Mathematics and Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Corresponding author at: Department of Mathematics and Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.This study presents a comprehensive mathematical and computational analysis of a competitive market model, incorporating Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the Hamiltonian formulation, and the Runge–Kutta (RK4) numerical method. The proposed model accounts for market share dynamics, pricing strategies, and advertising efforts, capturing real-world competitive interactions through logistic growth functions and nonlinear incidence rates. By formulating the problem as a differential game, we analyze the optimal control strategies of firms aiming to maximize their long-term market positions while minimizing operational costs. The results indicate that firms implementing aggressive pricing strategies initially experience rapid market share growth but later face diminishing returns due to market saturation and competitive responses. Conversely, firms adopting moderate strategies achieve sustained growth and long-term stability. Numerical simulations reveal the impact of damping effects, demonstrating that firms must balance short-term profitability with sustainable competitive positioning to maintain market dominance. The study also explores the role of advertising intensity, highlighting the nonlinear relationship between promotional expenditures and market gains. These findings provide valuable insights for firms seeking to refine their strategic decision-making in highly competitive environments. The research also emphasizes the importance of numerical optimization techniques in addressing real-world economic challenges, paving the way for future studies that integrate stochastic modeling, adaptive learning, and hybrid computational methods to enhance predictive accuracy in competitive market dynamics.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266681812500083XDifferential game modelRunge–Kutta methodMarket share dynamicsCompetitive strategiesLogistic growthDamping effect
spellingShingle Awad Talal Alabdala
Asmaa Alhassan
Maan T. Alabdullah
Waleed Adel
Dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and Runge–Kutta solutions
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics
Differential game model
Runge–Kutta method
Market share dynamics
Competitive strategies
Logistic growth
Damping effect
title Dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and Runge–Kutta solutions
title_full Dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and Runge–Kutta solutions
title_fullStr Dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and Runge–Kutta solutions
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and Runge–Kutta solutions
title_short Dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and Runge–Kutta solutions
title_sort dynamic analysis of competitive marketing strategies using differential game models and runge kutta solutions
topic Differential game model
Runge–Kutta method
Market share dynamics
Competitive strategies
Logistic growth
Damping effect
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266681812500083X
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AT asmaaalhassan dynamicanalysisofcompetitivemarketingstrategiesusingdifferentialgamemodelsandrungekuttasolutions
AT maantalabdullah dynamicanalysisofcompetitivemarketingstrategiesusingdifferentialgamemodelsandrungekuttasolutions
AT waleedadel dynamicanalysisofcompetitivemarketingstrategiesusingdifferentialgamemodelsandrungekuttasolutions