The Role of the Insular Cortex and Serotonergic System in the Modulation of Long-Lasting Nociception
The insular cortex (IC) is a brain region that both receives relevant sensory information and is responsible for emotional and cognitive processes, allowing the perception of sensory information. The IC has connections with multiple sites of the pain matrix, including cortico-cortical interactions w...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Ulises Coffeen Gerardo B. Ramírez-Rodríguez Karina Simón-Arceo Francisco Mercado Angélica Almanza Orlando Jaimes Doris Parra-Vitela Mareli Vázquez-Barreto Francisco Pellicer |
| author_facet | Ulises Coffeen Gerardo B. Ramírez-Rodríguez Karina Simón-Arceo Francisco Mercado Angélica Almanza Orlando Jaimes Doris Parra-Vitela Mareli Vázquez-Barreto Francisco Pellicer |
| author_sort | Ulises Coffeen |
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| description | The insular cortex (IC) is a brain region that both receives relevant sensory information and is responsible for emotional and cognitive processes, allowing the perception of sensory information. The IC has connections with multiple sites of the pain matrix, including cortico-cortical interactions with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and top-down connections with sites of descending pain inhibition. We explored the changes in the extracellular release of serotonin (5HT) and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), after inflammation was induced by carrageenan injection. Additionally, we explored the role of 5HT receptors (the 5HT1A, 5HT2A, and 5HT3 receptors) in the IC after inflammatory insult. The results showed an increase in the extracellular levels of 5HT and 5-HIAA during the inflammatory process compared to physiological levels. Additionally, the 5HT1A receptor was overexpressed. Finally, the 5HT1A, 5HT2A, and 5HT3 receptor blockade in the IC had antinociceptive effects. Our results highlight the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in long-lasting inflammatory nociception within the IC. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-e72b628149484f60984d42df7bf127d02025-08-20T02:11:12ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-10-011320171810.3390/cells13201718The Role of the Insular Cortex and Serotonergic System in the Modulation of Long-Lasting NociceptionUlises Coffeen0Gerardo B. Ramírez-Rodríguez1Karina Simón-Arceo2Francisco Mercado3Angélica Almanza4Orlando Jaimes5Doris Parra-Vitela6Mareli Vázquez-Barreto7Francisco Pellicer8Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurogénesis, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoCIANyD Centro Integral Para la Atención de Neuropatía y Dolor, Toluca 50110, MexicoServicio de Anestesiología, Hospital General de México, Mexico City 06720, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoThe insular cortex (IC) is a brain region that both receives relevant sensory information and is responsible for emotional and cognitive processes, allowing the perception of sensory information. The IC has connections with multiple sites of the pain matrix, including cortico-cortical interactions with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and top-down connections with sites of descending pain inhibition. We explored the changes in the extracellular release of serotonin (5HT) and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), after inflammation was induced by carrageenan injection. Additionally, we explored the role of 5HT receptors (the 5HT1A, 5HT2A, and 5HT3 receptors) in the IC after inflammatory insult. The results showed an increase in the extracellular levels of 5HT and 5-HIAA during the inflammatory process compared to physiological levels. Additionally, the 5HT1A receptor was overexpressed. Finally, the 5HT1A, 5HT2A, and 5HT3 receptor blockade in the IC had antinociceptive effects. Our results highlight the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in long-lasting inflammatory nociception within the IC.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/20/1718serotoninpaininsular cortexlong-lasting nociception |
| spellingShingle | Ulises Coffeen Gerardo B. Ramírez-Rodríguez Karina Simón-Arceo Francisco Mercado Angélica Almanza Orlando Jaimes Doris Parra-Vitela Mareli Vázquez-Barreto Francisco Pellicer The Role of the Insular Cortex and Serotonergic System in the Modulation of Long-Lasting Nociception Cells serotonin pain insular cortex long-lasting nociception |
| title | The Role of the Insular Cortex and Serotonergic System in the Modulation of Long-Lasting Nociception |
| title_full | The Role of the Insular Cortex and Serotonergic System in the Modulation of Long-Lasting Nociception |
| title_fullStr | The Role of the Insular Cortex and Serotonergic System in the Modulation of Long-Lasting Nociception |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Insular Cortex and Serotonergic System in the Modulation of Long-Lasting Nociception |
| title_short | The Role of the Insular Cortex and Serotonergic System in the Modulation of Long-Lasting Nociception |
| title_sort | role of the insular cortex and serotonergic system in the modulation of long lasting nociception |
| topic | serotonin pain insular cortex long-lasting nociception |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/20/1718 |
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