Decoding the striatum of drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Abstract The striatum’s role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathology is recognized. However, the specific contributions of individual striatal subregions (SSs) to OCD pathology are underexplored. We recruited 49 drug-naive OCD patients and 53 healthy controls, conducting clinical assessment...

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Main Authors: Yiding Han, Haohao Yan, Xiaoxiao Shan, Huabing Li, Feng Liu, Ping Li, Dongsheng Lv, Jingping Zhao, Wenbin Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:Translational Psychiatry
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03475-4
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author Yiding Han
Haohao Yan
Xiaoxiao Shan
Huabing Li
Feng Liu
Ping Li
Dongsheng Lv
Jingping Zhao
Wenbin Guo
author_facet Yiding Han
Haohao Yan
Xiaoxiao Shan
Huabing Li
Feng Liu
Ping Li
Dongsheng Lv
Jingping Zhao
Wenbin Guo
author_sort Yiding Han
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The striatum’s role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathology is recognized. However, the specific contributions of individual striatal subregions (SSs) to OCD pathology are underexplored. We recruited 49 drug-naive OCD patients and 53 healthy controls, conducting clinical assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans pre- and post-4-week paroxetine treatment. Inter-group comparisons were conducted to investigate baseline and treatment-related changes in the patients’ striatum using several fMRI metrics, including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and degree centrality (DC). Furthermore, these metrics, along with functional connectivity (FC), and effective connectivity (EC) of SSs, were analyzed. Associations between gene expression patterns and altered information flow patterns in SSs were examined, where information flow was measured using EC, followed by enrichment analysis of relevant genes. While no significant alterations were observed in the patients’ striata in whole-brain statistical analyses, significant changes in DC, FC, and EC were identified in SSs pre- and post-treatment. In particular, the EC analysis unveiled an enhanced top-down control and diminished bottom-up regulation in drug-naive OCD patients. Following treatment, bottom-up EC improved, along with an improvement in clinical symptoms. Additionally, information flow alteration-related genes were enriched in various biological processes and pathways. They substantially overlapped between bidirectional information flows among SSs and the rest of brain and between information flows among homotopical SSs and the rest of brain. This study highlights the diverse contributions of each striatal subregion to OCD pathology. Paroxetine may alleviate OCD symptoms by enhancing bottom-up regulation, specifically the normalization of aberrant connectivity. Furthermore, integrating transcriptomic and rs-fMRI findings offer novel insights into the biological substrates underlying the altered EC of SSs in OCD patients.
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spelling doaj-art-e7281713b0d8403f98c2302a26c133332025-08-20T03:06:08ZengNature Publishing GroupTranslational Psychiatry2158-31882025-07-0115111410.1038/s41398-025-03475-4Decoding the striatum of drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging studyYiding Han0Haohao Yan1Xiaoxiao Shan2Huabing Li3Feng Liu4Ping Li5Dongsheng Lv6Jingping Zhao7Wenbin Guo8Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityDepartment of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical UniversityCenter of Mental Health, Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityAbstract The striatum’s role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathology is recognized. However, the specific contributions of individual striatal subregions (SSs) to OCD pathology are underexplored. We recruited 49 drug-naive OCD patients and 53 healthy controls, conducting clinical assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans pre- and post-4-week paroxetine treatment. Inter-group comparisons were conducted to investigate baseline and treatment-related changes in the patients’ striatum using several fMRI metrics, including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and degree centrality (DC). Furthermore, these metrics, along with functional connectivity (FC), and effective connectivity (EC) of SSs, were analyzed. Associations between gene expression patterns and altered information flow patterns in SSs were examined, where information flow was measured using EC, followed by enrichment analysis of relevant genes. While no significant alterations were observed in the patients’ striata in whole-brain statistical analyses, significant changes in DC, FC, and EC were identified in SSs pre- and post-treatment. In particular, the EC analysis unveiled an enhanced top-down control and diminished bottom-up regulation in drug-naive OCD patients. Following treatment, bottom-up EC improved, along with an improvement in clinical symptoms. Additionally, information flow alteration-related genes were enriched in various biological processes and pathways. They substantially overlapped between bidirectional information flows among SSs and the rest of brain and between information flows among homotopical SSs and the rest of brain. This study highlights the diverse contributions of each striatal subregion to OCD pathology. Paroxetine may alleviate OCD symptoms by enhancing bottom-up regulation, specifically the normalization of aberrant connectivity. Furthermore, integrating transcriptomic and rs-fMRI findings offer novel insights into the biological substrates underlying the altered EC of SSs in OCD patients.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03475-4
spellingShingle Yiding Han
Haohao Yan
Xiaoxiao Shan
Huabing Li
Feng Liu
Ping Li
Dongsheng Lv
Jingping Zhao
Wenbin Guo
Decoding the striatum of drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Translational Psychiatry
title Decoding the striatum of drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
title_full Decoding the striatum of drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
title_fullStr Decoding the striatum of drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
title_full_unstemmed Decoding the striatum of drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
title_short Decoding the striatum of drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
title_sort decoding the striatum of drug naive patients with obsessive compulsive disorder a transcriptome and longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03475-4
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