Exploring the grammatical complexity of L2 on non-English major learners’ writing: taking engineering students as a case study

Abstract Over the past 10 years, the subject of grammatical complexity has attracted significant global interests. The present study employs the Register-Functional approach, shedding light on grammatical variations in the written mediums. Leveraging three corpora (i.e., the British Academic Written...

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Main Authors: Barbara Wing Yee Siu, Muhammad Afzaal, Hessah Saleh Aldayel, Qiuhan Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2025-07-01
Series:Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05235-7
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author Barbara Wing Yee Siu
Muhammad Afzaal
Hessah Saleh Aldayel
Qiuhan Lin
author_facet Barbara Wing Yee Siu
Muhammad Afzaal
Hessah Saleh Aldayel
Qiuhan Lin
author_sort Barbara Wing Yee Siu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Over the past 10 years, the subject of grammatical complexity has attracted significant global interests. The present study employs the Register-Functional approach, shedding light on grammatical variations in the written mediums. Leveraging three corpora (i.e., the British Academic Written English corpus (BAWE), CEE corpus, and the Arab corpus), this study compares the writing assessment of native and L2 English students throughout their university tenures and across disciplines. It integrates inferential statistics with descriptive metrics to delve into correlations between the students’ academic year, the utilization of linguistic attributes, and the patterns framing their usage over time. Results found that while native speakers largely present stage 2 complexity, Chinese engineering students from the CEE corpus primarily display stage 3 grammatical complexity. The Saudi corpus, though taught in English, follows a similar yet distinct trend. While English continues to be championed as a medium of instruction, the clear divergence in writing structures between L1 and L2 writers accentuates the imperative for linguistic progression in L2 learners.
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spelling doaj-art-e7265566d867409f83d37bd7893164a42025-08-20T03:37:23ZengSpringer NatureHumanities & Social Sciences Communications2662-99922025-07-011211910.1057/s41599-025-05235-7Exploring the grammatical complexity of L2 on non-English major learners’ writing: taking engineering students as a case studyBarbara Wing Yee Siu0Muhammad Afzaal1Hessah Saleh Aldayel2Qiuhan Lin3Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityShanghai International Studies UniversityKing Saud UniversityCity University of Hong KongAbstract Over the past 10 years, the subject of grammatical complexity has attracted significant global interests. The present study employs the Register-Functional approach, shedding light on grammatical variations in the written mediums. Leveraging three corpora (i.e., the British Academic Written English corpus (BAWE), CEE corpus, and the Arab corpus), this study compares the writing assessment of native and L2 English students throughout their university tenures and across disciplines. It integrates inferential statistics with descriptive metrics to delve into correlations between the students’ academic year, the utilization of linguistic attributes, and the patterns framing their usage over time. Results found that while native speakers largely present stage 2 complexity, Chinese engineering students from the CEE corpus primarily display stage 3 grammatical complexity. The Saudi corpus, though taught in English, follows a similar yet distinct trend. While English continues to be championed as a medium of instruction, the clear divergence in writing structures between L1 and L2 writers accentuates the imperative for linguistic progression in L2 learners.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05235-7
spellingShingle Barbara Wing Yee Siu
Muhammad Afzaal
Hessah Saleh Aldayel
Qiuhan Lin
Exploring the grammatical complexity of L2 on non-English major learners’ writing: taking engineering students as a case study
Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
title Exploring the grammatical complexity of L2 on non-English major learners’ writing: taking engineering students as a case study
title_full Exploring the grammatical complexity of L2 on non-English major learners’ writing: taking engineering students as a case study
title_fullStr Exploring the grammatical complexity of L2 on non-English major learners’ writing: taking engineering students as a case study
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the grammatical complexity of L2 on non-English major learners’ writing: taking engineering students as a case study
title_short Exploring the grammatical complexity of L2 on non-English major learners’ writing: taking engineering students as a case study
title_sort exploring the grammatical complexity of l2 on non english major learners writing taking engineering students as a case study
url https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05235-7
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