Comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine – IL-1β in GCF of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics- an in vivo study

Abstract Background Accelerating orthodontic treatment is crucial in reducing complications such as root resorption, caries, and oral hygiene compromise, especially in adults. Piezocision and corticotomy are surgical techniques that accelerate tooth movement by causing bone remodelling. This study c...

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Main Authors: Karthika Nambiar, Ranjit Kamble, Srushti Atole, Nandlal Toshniwal, Ruchika Pandey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06686-9
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author Karthika Nambiar
Ranjit Kamble
Srushti Atole
Nandlal Toshniwal
Ruchika Pandey
author_facet Karthika Nambiar
Ranjit Kamble
Srushti Atole
Nandlal Toshniwal
Ruchika Pandey
author_sort Karthika Nambiar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Accelerating orthodontic treatment is crucial in reducing complications such as root resorption, caries, and oral hygiene compromise, especially in adults. Piezocision and corticotomy are surgical techniques that accelerate tooth movement by causing bone remodelling. This study compares and evaluates changes in Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) following piezocision and corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics in adults. Aim To assess and compare IL-1β fluctuations in GCF of adult patients undergoing corticotomy and piezocision-assisted orthodontic treatment. Materials & methods This split-mouth study consisted of 16 adult patients (18–25 years) who needed premolar extractions. One half of the maxilla was randomly assigned for piezocision and the other half for corticotomy. GCF samples were taken from maxillary canines at varying time intervals: pre-treatment (T0), before surgery (T1), and 24 h (T2), 7 days (T3), and 21 days (T4) following surgery. IL-1β concentrations were quantified using an ELISA kit, and statistical analysis was done. Results IL-1β concentrations were highest at 24 h after surgery (T2) in both groups and decreased steadily by day 21 (T4), but were still elevated above pre-treatment levels. IL-1β concentrations were significantly greater in the piezocision group at all time points after surgery than in the corticotomy group (p < 0.001), reflecting a more intense inflammatory reaction and greater bone cell metabolism. Conclusion This study suggests that piezocision elicits a more intense biological response than corticotomy, as reflected by higher IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid. While this may indicate a potential for enhanced bone remodelling and accelerated tooth movement, further research is needed to directly correlate cytokine expression with the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.
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spelling doaj-art-e71d3e86865348ed86b295a50f42f44f2025-08-24T11:55:06ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-08-012511810.1186/s12903-025-06686-9Comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine – IL-1β in GCF of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics- an in vivo studyKarthika Nambiar0Ranjit Kamble1Srushti Atole2Nandlal Toshniwal3Ruchika Pandey4Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and ResearchDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Pravara Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and ResearchAbstract Background Accelerating orthodontic treatment is crucial in reducing complications such as root resorption, caries, and oral hygiene compromise, especially in adults. Piezocision and corticotomy are surgical techniques that accelerate tooth movement by causing bone remodelling. This study compares and evaluates changes in Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) following piezocision and corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics in adults. Aim To assess and compare IL-1β fluctuations in GCF of adult patients undergoing corticotomy and piezocision-assisted orthodontic treatment. Materials & methods This split-mouth study consisted of 16 adult patients (18–25 years) who needed premolar extractions. One half of the maxilla was randomly assigned for piezocision and the other half for corticotomy. GCF samples were taken from maxillary canines at varying time intervals: pre-treatment (T0), before surgery (T1), and 24 h (T2), 7 days (T3), and 21 days (T4) following surgery. IL-1β concentrations were quantified using an ELISA kit, and statistical analysis was done. Results IL-1β concentrations were highest at 24 h after surgery (T2) in both groups and decreased steadily by day 21 (T4), but were still elevated above pre-treatment levels. IL-1β concentrations were significantly greater in the piezocision group at all time points after surgery than in the corticotomy group (p < 0.001), reflecting a more intense inflammatory reaction and greater bone cell metabolism. Conclusion This study suggests that piezocision elicits a more intense biological response than corticotomy, as reflected by higher IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid. While this may indicate a potential for enhanced bone remodelling and accelerated tooth movement, further research is needed to directly correlate cytokine expression with the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06686-9PiezocisionCorticotomyIL-1βGingival crevicular fluidOrthodontic accelerationBone remodelling
spellingShingle Karthika Nambiar
Ranjit Kamble
Srushti Atole
Nandlal Toshniwal
Ruchika Pandey
Comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine – IL-1β in GCF of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics- an in vivo study
BMC Oral Health
Piezocision
Corticotomy
IL-1β
Gingival crevicular fluid
Orthodontic acceleration
Bone remodelling
title Comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine – IL-1β in GCF of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics- an in vivo study
title_full Comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine – IL-1β in GCF of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics- an in vivo study
title_fullStr Comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine – IL-1β in GCF of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics- an in vivo study
title_full_unstemmed Comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine – IL-1β in GCF of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics- an in vivo study
title_short Comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine – IL-1β in GCF of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics- an in vivo study
title_sort comparative evaluation of changes in levels of cytokine il 1β in gcf of adult population who have undergone piezocision and corticotomy assisted orthodontics an in vivo study
topic Piezocision
Corticotomy
IL-1β
Gingival crevicular fluid
Orthodontic acceleration
Bone remodelling
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06686-9
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