Desorption of Cadmium from Cocoa Waste Using Organic Acids
This study evaluated the desorption of cadmium (Cd) from cocoa waste-derived flour using organic acids. Cocoa pods were collected from Antioquia and Casanare, Colombia, to analyze the geographical Cd content and its distribution within the pod tissues. Acid selection was performed using a multi-crit...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4048 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850240786585616384 |
|---|---|
| author | Sebastián Piedrahíta-Pérez Juliana Rodríguez-Estrada Margarita Ramírez-Carmona Leidy Rendón-Castrillón Carlos Ocampo-López |
| author_facet | Sebastián Piedrahíta-Pérez Juliana Rodríguez-Estrada Margarita Ramírez-Carmona Leidy Rendón-Castrillón Carlos Ocampo-López |
| author_sort | Sebastián Piedrahíta-Pérez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated the desorption of cadmium (Cd) from cocoa waste-derived flour using organic acids. Cocoa pods were collected from Antioquia and Casanare, Colombia, to analyze the geographical Cd content and its distribution within the pod tissues. Acid selection was performed using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) matrix, and Cd desorption was assessed through a full factorial 2<sup>3</sup> experimental design, considering acid concentration, pulp density, and agitation speed. Additionally, the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) was monitored as an indicator of the electrochemical dynamics of the process. The results indicated that pods from Casanare exhibited higher Cd concentrations (1.63 ± 0.20 ppm) compared with those from Antioquia (0.87 ± 0.22 ppm), with 49.31% of the metal being accumulated in the pod. Parameters of citric acid at 0.5 M, 5 g/L pulp density, and 120 rpm were found to be optimal for the Cd desorption process, achieving over 95% efficiency. Based on ORP monitoring, a heuristic was proposed to determine the contact time during leaching. This work outlines a scalable process for Cd desorption, adding value to cocoa industry waste for potential applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7197eeb15e445cba253989fa53c406f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-e7197eeb15e445cba253989fa53c406f2025-08-20T02:00:46ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-12-011324404810.3390/foods13244048Desorption of Cadmium from Cocoa Waste Using Organic AcidsSebastián Piedrahíta-Pérez0Juliana Rodríguez-Estrada1Margarita Ramírez-Carmona2Leidy Rendón-Castrillón3Carlos Ocampo-López4Chemical Engineering Faculty, Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, ColombiaChemical Engineering Faculty, Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, ColombiaChemical Engineering Faculty, Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, ColombiaChemical Engineering Faculty, Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, ColombiaChemical Engineering Faculty, Centro de Estudios y de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIBIOT), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, ColombiaThis study evaluated the desorption of cadmium (Cd) from cocoa waste-derived flour using organic acids. Cocoa pods were collected from Antioquia and Casanare, Colombia, to analyze the geographical Cd content and its distribution within the pod tissues. Acid selection was performed using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) matrix, and Cd desorption was assessed through a full factorial 2<sup>3</sup> experimental design, considering acid concentration, pulp density, and agitation speed. Additionally, the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) was monitored as an indicator of the electrochemical dynamics of the process. The results indicated that pods from Casanare exhibited higher Cd concentrations (1.63 ± 0.20 ppm) compared with those from Antioquia (0.87 ± 0.22 ppm), with 49.31% of the metal being accumulated in the pod. Parameters of citric acid at 0.5 M, 5 g/L pulp density, and 120 rpm were found to be optimal for the Cd desorption process, achieving over 95% efficiency. Based on ORP monitoring, a heuristic was proposed to determine the contact time during leaching. This work outlines a scalable process for Cd desorption, adding value to cocoa industry waste for potential applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4048cadmiumcocoa wastecocoa pod husk flourdesorptionleachingorganic acids |
| spellingShingle | Sebastián Piedrahíta-Pérez Juliana Rodríguez-Estrada Margarita Ramírez-Carmona Leidy Rendón-Castrillón Carlos Ocampo-López Desorption of Cadmium from Cocoa Waste Using Organic Acids Foods cadmium cocoa waste cocoa pod husk flour desorption leaching organic acids |
| title | Desorption of Cadmium from Cocoa Waste Using Organic Acids |
| title_full | Desorption of Cadmium from Cocoa Waste Using Organic Acids |
| title_fullStr | Desorption of Cadmium from Cocoa Waste Using Organic Acids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Desorption of Cadmium from Cocoa Waste Using Organic Acids |
| title_short | Desorption of Cadmium from Cocoa Waste Using Organic Acids |
| title_sort | desorption of cadmium from cocoa waste using organic acids |
| topic | cadmium cocoa waste cocoa pod husk flour desorption leaching organic acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4048 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sebastianpiedrahitaperez desorptionofcadmiumfromcocoawasteusingorganicacids AT julianarodriguezestrada desorptionofcadmiumfromcocoawasteusingorganicacids AT margaritaramirezcarmona desorptionofcadmiumfromcocoawasteusingorganicacids AT leidyrendoncastrillon desorptionofcadmiumfromcocoawasteusingorganicacids AT carlosocampolopez desorptionofcadmiumfromcocoawasteusingorganicacids |