Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle Diameter
Transpiration cooling is an efficient thermal protection technology used for scramjet combustors and other components. However, a conventional transpiration cooling plate structure with uniform porous media distribution suffers from a large temperature difference between the upstream and downstream...
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2025-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| author | Dan Wang Yaxin Liu Xiang Zhang Mingliang Kong Hanchao Liu |
| author_facet | Dan Wang Yaxin Liu Xiang Zhang Mingliang Kong Hanchao Liu |
| author_sort | Dan Wang |
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| description | Transpiration cooling is an efficient thermal protection technology used for scramjet combustors and other components. However, a conventional transpiration cooling plate structure with uniform porous media distribution suffers from a large temperature difference between the upstream and downstream surfaces and high coolant injection pressure (<i>p</i>). To enhance the overall cooling effect and reduce the maximum surface temperature and coolant injection pressure, the combined particle diameter plate structure (CPD−PS) is proposed. Numerical simulations show that compared with the single-particle diameter plate structure (SPD−PS), the CPD−PS with a larger upstream particle diameter (<i>d<sub>p</sub></i>) than that of the downstream (<i>d<sub>p</sub></i><sub>A</sub> > <i>d<sub>p</sub></i><sub>B</sub>) can effectively reduce the upstream temperature and improve average cooling efficiency (<i>η</i><sub>ave</sub>). Meanwhile, gradually increasing <i>d<sub>p</sub></i> will increase the permeability of porous media, reduce coolant flow resistance, and thus lower coolant injection pressure. An optimization analysis of CPD−PS is conducted using response surface methodology (RSM), and the influence of design variables on the objective function (<i>η</i><sub>ave</sub> and <i>p</i>) is analyzed. Further optimization with the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) determines the optimal structural parameters. The results suggest that porosity (<i>ε</i>) and <i>d<sub>p</sub></i> are the most crucial parameters affecting <i>η</i><sub>ave</sub> and <i>p</i> of CPD−PS. After optimization, the maximum temperature of the porous plate is significantly reduced by 8.40%, and the average temperature of the hot end surface is also reduced. The overall cooling performance is effectively improved, <i>η</i><sub>ave</sub> is increased by 6.02%, and <i>p</i> is significantly reduced. Additionally, the upstream surface velocity of the optimized structure changes and the boundary layer thickens, which enhances the thermal insulation effect. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e70cd7c4a573415d95ebf61e14d1115e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-e70cd7c4a573415d95ebf61e14d1115e2025-08-20T03:46:52ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011811295010.3390/en18112950Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle DiameterDan Wang0Yaxin Liu1Xiang Zhang2Mingliang Kong3Hanchao Liu4School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaTranspiration cooling is an efficient thermal protection technology used for scramjet combustors and other components. However, a conventional transpiration cooling plate structure with uniform porous media distribution suffers from a large temperature difference between the upstream and downstream surfaces and high coolant injection pressure (<i>p</i>). To enhance the overall cooling effect and reduce the maximum surface temperature and coolant injection pressure, the combined particle diameter plate structure (CPD−PS) is proposed. Numerical simulations show that compared with the single-particle diameter plate structure (SPD−PS), the CPD−PS with a larger upstream particle diameter (<i>d<sub>p</sub></i>) than that of the downstream (<i>d<sub>p</sub></i><sub>A</sub> > <i>d<sub>p</sub></i><sub>B</sub>) can effectively reduce the upstream temperature and improve average cooling efficiency (<i>η</i><sub>ave</sub>). Meanwhile, gradually increasing <i>d<sub>p</sub></i> will increase the permeability of porous media, reduce coolant flow resistance, and thus lower coolant injection pressure. An optimization analysis of CPD−PS is conducted using response surface methodology (RSM), and the influence of design variables on the objective function (<i>η</i><sub>ave</sub> and <i>p</i>) is analyzed. Further optimization with the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) determines the optimal structural parameters. The results suggest that porosity (<i>ε</i>) and <i>d<sub>p</sub></i> are the most crucial parameters affecting <i>η</i><sub>ave</sub> and <i>p</i> of CPD−PS. After optimization, the maximum temperature of the porous plate is significantly reduced by 8.40%, and the average temperature of the hot end surface is also reduced. The overall cooling performance is effectively improved, <i>η</i><sub>ave</sub> is increased by 6.02%, and <i>p</i> is significantly reduced. Additionally, the upstream surface velocity of the optimized structure changes and the boundary layer thickens, which enhances the thermal insulation effect.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2950porous platetranspiration coolingparticle diameterinjection pressurecooling performance |
| spellingShingle | Dan Wang Yaxin Liu Xiang Zhang Mingliang Kong Hanchao Liu Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle Diameter Energies porous plate transpiration cooling particle diameter injection pressure cooling performance |
| title | Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle Diameter |
| title_full | Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle Diameter |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle Diameter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle Diameter |
| title_short | Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle Diameter |
| title_sort | numerical investigation and optimization of transpiration cooling plate structures with combined particle diameter |
| topic | porous plate transpiration cooling particle diameter injection pressure cooling performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2950 |
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