Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention
Abstract X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a crucial mechanism of dosage compensation in female mammals ensuring that genes from only one X chromosome are expressed, initiated through expression of the long noncoding RNA Xist. Recent evidence underscores the significance of molecular crowding—most...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Genome Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03666-8 |
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| author | Irene Perotti Laura Broglia Gian Gaetano Tartaglia Andrea Cerase |
| author_facet | Irene Perotti Laura Broglia Gian Gaetano Tartaglia Andrea Cerase |
| author_sort | Irene Perotti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a crucial mechanism of dosage compensation in female mammals ensuring that genes from only one X chromosome are expressed, initiated through expression of the long noncoding RNA Xist. Recent evidence underscores the significance of molecular crowding—most likely via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)—in forming Xist RNA-driven condensates critical for establishing and sustaining the silenced state. By integrating existing knowledge and emerging ideas, we provide a comprehensive perspective on the molecular underpinnings of XCI and outline how manipulation of LLPS-based mechanisms offers new avenues for novel therapeutic approaches. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e70726bd5bdc4a8fbe8b39a1e22383d1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1474-760X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genome Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e70726bd5bdc4a8fbe8b39a1e22383d12025-08-20T03:46:07ZengBMCGenome Biology1474-760X2025-07-0126113510.1186/s13059-025-03666-8Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic interventionIrene Perotti0Laura Broglia1Gian Gaetano Tartaglia2Andrea Cerase3Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Strada Statale dell’Abetone Brennero, 4RNA Systems Biology Lab, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRNA Systems Biology Lab, Center for Human Technologies, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaUnit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Strada Statale dell’Abetone Brennero, 4Abstract X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a crucial mechanism of dosage compensation in female mammals ensuring that genes from only one X chromosome are expressed, initiated through expression of the long noncoding RNA Xist. Recent evidence underscores the significance of molecular crowding—most likely via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS)—in forming Xist RNA-driven condensates critical for establishing and sustaining the silenced state. By integrating existing knowledge and emerging ideas, we provide a comprehensive perspective on the molecular underpinnings of XCI and outline how manipulation of LLPS-based mechanisms offers new avenues for novel therapeutic approaches.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03666-8XistX-chromosome inactivationLiquid-liquid phase separationX-reactivationX-linked disordersRNA-binding proteins |
| spellingShingle | Irene Perotti Laura Broglia Gian Gaetano Tartaglia Andrea Cerase Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention Genome Biology Xist X-chromosome inactivation Liquid-liquid phase separation X-reactivation X-linked disorders RNA-binding proteins |
| title | Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention |
| title_full | Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention |
| title_fullStr | Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention |
| title_full_unstemmed | Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention |
| title_short | Xist condensates: perspectives for therapeutic intervention |
| title_sort | xist condensates perspectives for therapeutic intervention |
| topic | Xist X-chromosome inactivation Liquid-liquid phase separation X-reactivation X-linked disorders RNA-binding proteins |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03666-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ireneperotti xistcondensatesperspectivesfortherapeuticintervention AT laurabroglia xistcondensatesperspectivesfortherapeuticintervention AT giangaetanotartaglia xistcondensatesperspectivesfortherapeuticintervention AT andreacerase xistcondensatesperspectivesfortherapeuticintervention |