Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers
The increasing global temperatures have escalated the demand for indoor cooling, thus requiring energy-saving solutions. Traditional approaches often integrate metal layers in cooling windows to block near-infrared (NIR) sunlight, which, albeit effective, lack the broad modulation of visible transmi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Nanophotonics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0619 |
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| author | Seo Seok-Beom Lee Jong-Goog Yu Jae-Seon Kim Jae-Hyun Jung Serang Kang Gumin Ko Hyungduk Hu Run Lee Eungkyu Kim Sun-Kyung |
| author_facet | Seo Seok-Beom Lee Jong-Goog Yu Jae-Seon Kim Jae-Hyun Jung Serang Kang Gumin Ko Hyungduk Hu Run Lee Eungkyu Kim Sun-Kyung |
| author_sort | Seo Seok-Beom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing global temperatures have escalated the demand for indoor cooling, thus requiring energy-saving solutions. Traditional approaches often integrate metal layers in cooling windows to block near-infrared (NIR) sunlight, which, albeit effective, lack the broad modulation of visible transmission and lead to heat accumulation due to sunlight absorption. Here, we address these limitations by developing cooling windows using ZnS/MgF2 multilayers, optimized through a binary optimization-based active learning process. We demonstrated that these multilayers, with a total thickness below 1 µm, effectively reduced indoor temperatures by blocking NIR sunlight while achieving desired visible transmittance. The designed multilayers exhibited visible transmittance ranging from 0.41 to 0.89 while retaining decent NIR reflectance between 0.37 and 0.52. These spectral characteristics remained consistent up to incident angles of >60°, ensuring their practical applicability for vertically oriented windows. Outdoor experiments showed substantial temperature reductions of up to 8.8 °C on floors compared to uncoated glass windows. The active learning-based multilayers exhibited superior performance compared to analytical ZnS/MgF2 distributed Bragg reflectors with equivalent thicknesses by improving NIR reflectance and modulating visible transmittance. In addition, multilayers with a greater number of bits extensively tuned transmission color, enabling customization for aesthetic purposes. These findings suggest that all-dielectric multilayers can provide a scalable, cost-effective alternative for reducing energy consumption in buildings and vehicles with large glass surfaces, supporting efforts to mitigate climate change through enhanced energy efficiency. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7070a344e6d4444b06bd649f4f2b514 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2192-8614 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanophotonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e7070a344e6d4444b06bd649f4f2b5142025-08-20T03:55:16ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86142025-02-0114101587159510.1515/nanoph-2024-0619Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayersSeo Seok-Beom0Lee Jong-Goog1Yu Jae-Seon2Kim Jae-Hyun3Jung Serang4Kang Gumin5Ko Hyungduk6Hu Run7Lee Eungkyu8Kim Sun-Kyung9Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Republic of KoreaNanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of KoreaNanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin17104, Republic of KoreaThe increasing global temperatures have escalated the demand for indoor cooling, thus requiring energy-saving solutions. Traditional approaches often integrate metal layers in cooling windows to block near-infrared (NIR) sunlight, which, albeit effective, lack the broad modulation of visible transmission and lead to heat accumulation due to sunlight absorption. Here, we address these limitations by developing cooling windows using ZnS/MgF2 multilayers, optimized through a binary optimization-based active learning process. We demonstrated that these multilayers, with a total thickness below 1 µm, effectively reduced indoor temperatures by blocking NIR sunlight while achieving desired visible transmittance. The designed multilayers exhibited visible transmittance ranging from 0.41 to 0.89 while retaining decent NIR reflectance between 0.37 and 0.52. These spectral characteristics remained consistent up to incident angles of >60°, ensuring their practical applicability for vertically oriented windows. Outdoor experiments showed substantial temperature reductions of up to 8.8 °C on floors compared to uncoated glass windows. The active learning-based multilayers exhibited superior performance compared to analytical ZnS/MgF2 distributed Bragg reflectors with equivalent thicknesses by improving NIR reflectance and modulating visible transmittance. In addition, multilayers with a greater number of bits extensively tuned transmission color, enabling customization for aesthetic purposes. These findings suggest that all-dielectric multilayers can provide a scalable, cost-effective alternative for reducing energy consumption in buildings and vehicles with large glass surfaces, supporting efforts to mitigate climate change through enhanced energy efficiency.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0619passive coolingmultilayeroptical coatingmachine learningmultispectral designenergy-saving window |
| spellingShingle | Seo Seok-Beom Lee Jong-Goog Yu Jae-Seon Kim Jae-Hyun Jung Serang Kang Gumin Ko Hyungduk Hu Run Lee Eungkyu Kim Sun-Kyung Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers Nanophotonics passive cooling multilayer optical coating machine learning multispectral design energy-saving window |
| title | Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers |
| title_full | Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers |
| title_fullStr | Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers |
| title_short | Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers |
| title_sort | visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers |
| topic | passive cooling multilayer optical coating machine learning multispectral design energy-saving window |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0619 |
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