Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Health Services: A Pre-post Analysis

Following COVID-19 containment measures, healthcare service utilization was expected to decline, including in Kenya, across all healthcare tiers. We investigated the impact on community-level health indicators before and during the pandemic. This pre-post study examined community health utilization...

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Main Authors: Prabhjot Kaur Juttla BSc, Bernard Kimani BSc, Moses Kamita PhD, Teresia Kariuki MPH, Naomi Wachira MPH, Alfred Owino Odongo PhD, Magoma Mwancha-Kwasa MPH
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-05-01
Series:Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580251338681
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author Prabhjot Kaur Juttla BSc
Bernard Kimani BSc
Moses Kamita PhD
Teresia Kariuki MPH
Naomi Wachira MPH
Alfred Owino Odongo PhD
Magoma Mwancha-Kwasa MPH
author_facet Prabhjot Kaur Juttla BSc
Bernard Kimani BSc
Moses Kamita PhD
Teresia Kariuki MPH
Naomi Wachira MPH
Alfred Owino Odongo PhD
Magoma Mwancha-Kwasa MPH
author_sort Prabhjot Kaur Juttla BSc
collection DOAJ
description Following COVID-19 containment measures, healthcare service utilization was expected to decline, including in Kenya, across all healthcare tiers. We investigated the impact on community-level health indicators before and during the pandemic. This pre-post study examined community health utilization in 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (pandemic year) from March to December. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by Mann-Whitney U or Welch t -tests as appropriate. During the pandemic, facility deliveries (159.2 ± 39.0 vs 496.4 ± 288.2; +237.96%, P = .0232) and ANC referrals (191.0 ± 55.3 vs 630.1 ± 287.2; +229.89%, P = .0008) increased significantly. Child immunization referrals also rose (57.3 ± 11.7 vs 350.2 ± 259.3; +511.17%, P = .0060), while diarrhea treatments in children declined (59.2 ± 47.6 vs 9.2 ± 6.7; −84.46%, P = .0001). Diabetes referrals increased (108.7 ± 65.3 vs 319.5 ± 310.2; +211.15%, P = .035). Households with handwashing facilities saw a non-significant rise (78073.7 ± 16367.9 vs 118457.9 ± 90291.8; +51.73%, P = .3527). Community-level prevention and promotion programs persisted and were enhanced, due to increased fiscal and training support. Even amid crises, community health strategies can adapt and thrive with proper training and funding.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-e6f2b2b12fdb4f16b6e24d0505e44b362025-08-20T03:48:19ZengSAGE PublishingInquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing0046-95801945-72432025-05-016210.1177/00469580251338681Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Health Services: A Pre-post AnalysisPrabhjot Kaur Juttla BSc0Bernard Kimani BSc1Moses Kamita PhD2Teresia Kariuki MPH3Naomi Wachira MPH4Alfred Owino Odongo PhD5Magoma Mwancha-Kwasa MPH6School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi County, KenyaDepartment of Health, County Government of Kiambu, Kiambu County, KenyaSchool of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kiambu County, KenyaDepartment of Health, County Government of Kiambu, Kiambu County, KenyaDepartment of Health, County Government of Kiambu, Kiambu County, KenyaSchool of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kiambu County, KenyaDepartment of Health, County Government of Kiambu, Kiambu County, KenyaFollowing COVID-19 containment measures, healthcare service utilization was expected to decline, including in Kenya, across all healthcare tiers. We investigated the impact on community-level health indicators before and during the pandemic. This pre-post study examined community health utilization in 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (pandemic year) from March to December. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by Mann-Whitney U or Welch t -tests as appropriate. During the pandemic, facility deliveries (159.2 ± 39.0 vs 496.4 ± 288.2; +237.96%, P = .0232) and ANC referrals (191.0 ± 55.3 vs 630.1 ± 287.2; +229.89%, P = .0008) increased significantly. Child immunization referrals also rose (57.3 ± 11.7 vs 350.2 ± 259.3; +511.17%, P = .0060), while diarrhea treatments in children declined (59.2 ± 47.6 vs 9.2 ± 6.7; −84.46%, P = .0001). Diabetes referrals increased (108.7 ± 65.3 vs 319.5 ± 310.2; +211.15%, P = .035). Households with handwashing facilities saw a non-significant rise (78073.7 ± 16367.9 vs 118457.9 ± 90291.8; +51.73%, P = .3527). Community-level prevention and promotion programs persisted and were enhanced, due to increased fiscal and training support. Even amid crises, community health strategies can adapt and thrive with proper training and funding.https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580251338681
spellingShingle Prabhjot Kaur Juttla BSc
Bernard Kimani BSc
Moses Kamita PhD
Teresia Kariuki MPH
Naomi Wachira MPH
Alfred Owino Odongo PhD
Magoma Mwancha-Kwasa MPH
Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Health Services: A Pre-post Analysis
Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing
title Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Health Services: A Pre-post Analysis
title_full Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Health Services: A Pre-post Analysis
title_fullStr Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Health Services: A Pre-post Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Health Services: A Pre-post Analysis
title_short Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Health Services: A Pre-post Analysis
title_sort assessing the effect of the covid 19 pandemic on community health services a pre post analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580251338681
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