Implementation of the American- College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain (IMPACt-LBP): protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster-randomised trial

Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is a key source of medical costs and disability, impacting over 31 million Americans at any given time and resulting in US$100–US$200 billion per year in total healthcare costs. LBP is one of the leading causes of ambulatory care visits to US physicians; problematica...

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Main Authors: Shelby D Reed, Adam P Goode, Rowena J Dolor, Barcey T Levy, Stacie A Salsbury, Christine Goertz, Hrishikesh Chakraborty, Samuel Broderick, Kelley Ryan, Sharon Settles, Shoshana Hort, Elizabeth A Chrischilles, Stacie Kasper, James E Stahl, Chandra Almond, Zacariah Shannon, Debra Harris, Jeanette Daly, Patricia Winokur, Jon D Lurie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-03-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e097133.full
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author Shelby D Reed
Adam P Goode
Rowena J Dolor
Barcey T Levy
Stacie A Salsbury
Christine Goertz
Hrishikesh Chakraborty
Samuel Broderick
Kelley Ryan
Sharon Settles
Shoshana Hort
Elizabeth A Chrischilles
Stacie Kasper
James E Stahl
Chandra Almond
Zacariah Shannon
Debra Harris
Jeanette Daly
Patricia Winokur
Jon D Lurie
author_facet Shelby D Reed
Adam P Goode
Rowena J Dolor
Barcey T Levy
Stacie A Salsbury
Christine Goertz
Hrishikesh Chakraborty
Samuel Broderick
Kelley Ryan
Sharon Settles
Shoshana Hort
Elizabeth A Chrischilles
Stacie Kasper
James E Stahl
Chandra Almond
Zacariah Shannon
Debra Harris
Jeanette Daly
Patricia Winokur
Jon D Lurie
author_sort Shelby D Reed
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is a key source of medical costs and disability, impacting over 31 million Americans at any given time and resulting in US$100–US$200 billion per year in total healthcare costs. LBP is one of the leading causes of ambulatory care visits to US physicians; problematically, these visits often result in treatments such as opioids, surgery or advanced imaging that can lead to more harm than benefit. The American College of Physicians (ACP) Guideline for Low Back Pain recommends patients receive non-pharmacological interventions as a first-line treatment. Roadmaps exist for multidisciplinary collaborative care that include well-trained primary contact clinicians with specific expertise in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as physical therapists and doctors of chiropractic, as first-line providers for LBP. These clinicians, sometimes referred to as primary spine practitioners (PSPs) routinely employ many of the non-pharmacological approaches recommended by the ACP guideline, including spinal manipulation and exercise. Important foundational work has demonstrated that such care is feasible and safe, and results in improved physical function, less pain, fewer opioid prescriptions and reduced utilisation of healthcare services. However, this treatment approach for LBP has yet to be widely implemented or tested in a multisite clinical trial in real-world practice.Methods and analysis The Implementation of the American College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain trial is a health system-embedded pragmatic cluster-randomised trial that will examine the effect of offering initial contact with a PSP compared with usual primary care for LBP. Twenty-six primary care clinics within three healthcare systems were randomised 1:1 to PSP intervention or usual primary care. Primary outcomes are pain interference and physical function using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Forms collected via patient self-report among a planned sample of 1800 participants at baseline, 1, 3 (primary end point), 6 and 12 months. A subset of participants enrolled early in the trial will also receive a 24-month assessment. An economic analysis and analysis of healthcare utilisation will be conducted as well as an evaluation of the patient, provider and policy-level barriers and facilitators to implementing the PSP model using a mixed-methods process evaluation approach.Ethics and dissemination The study received ethics approval from Advarra, Duke University, Dartmouth Health and the University of Iowa Institutional Review Boards. Study data will be made available on completion, in compliance with National Institutes of Health data sharing policies.Trial registration number NCT05626049.
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spelling doaj-art-e6ef14d9e2ed49b4b34fd6316e52c1142025-08-20T02:09:58ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-03-0115310.1136/bmjopen-2024-097133Implementation of the American- College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain (IMPACt-LBP): protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster-randomised trialShelby D Reed0Adam P Goode1Rowena J Dolor2Barcey T Levy3Stacie A Salsbury4Christine Goertz5Hrishikesh Chakraborty6Samuel Broderick7Kelley Ryan8Sharon Settles9Shoshana Hort10Elizabeth A Chrischilles11Stacie Kasper12James E Stahl13Chandra Almond14Zacariah Shannon15Debra Harris16Jeanette Daly17Patricia Winokur18Jon D Lurie19Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USADuke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USADepartment of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USAFamily and Community Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USAPalmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, Iowa, USADuke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USADuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USADuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USADuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USADuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USADepartment of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USACollege of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USAFamily and Community Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USADepartment of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USADuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USAPalmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, Iowa, USADuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USAFamily and Community Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USAInternal Medicine, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USAMedicine, Orthopaedics, Health Policy, and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USAIntroduction Low back pain (LBP) is a key source of medical costs and disability, impacting over 31 million Americans at any given time and resulting in US$100–US$200 billion per year in total healthcare costs. LBP is one of the leading causes of ambulatory care visits to US physicians; problematically, these visits often result in treatments such as opioids, surgery or advanced imaging that can lead to more harm than benefit. The American College of Physicians (ACP) Guideline for Low Back Pain recommends patients receive non-pharmacological interventions as a first-line treatment. Roadmaps exist for multidisciplinary collaborative care that include well-trained primary contact clinicians with specific expertise in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as physical therapists and doctors of chiropractic, as first-line providers for LBP. These clinicians, sometimes referred to as primary spine practitioners (PSPs) routinely employ many of the non-pharmacological approaches recommended by the ACP guideline, including spinal manipulation and exercise. Important foundational work has demonstrated that such care is feasible and safe, and results in improved physical function, less pain, fewer opioid prescriptions and reduced utilisation of healthcare services. However, this treatment approach for LBP has yet to be widely implemented or tested in a multisite clinical trial in real-world practice.Methods and analysis The Implementation of the American College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain trial is a health system-embedded pragmatic cluster-randomised trial that will examine the effect of offering initial contact with a PSP compared with usual primary care for LBP. Twenty-six primary care clinics within three healthcare systems were randomised 1:1 to PSP intervention or usual primary care. Primary outcomes are pain interference and physical function using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Forms collected via patient self-report among a planned sample of 1800 participants at baseline, 1, 3 (primary end point), 6 and 12 months. A subset of participants enrolled early in the trial will also receive a 24-month assessment. An economic analysis and analysis of healthcare utilisation will be conducted as well as an evaluation of the patient, provider and policy-level barriers and facilitators to implementing the PSP model using a mixed-methods process evaluation approach.Ethics and dissemination The study received ethics approval from Advarra, Duke University, Dartmouth Health and the University of Iowa Institutional Review Boards. Study data will be made available on completion, in compliance with National Institutes of Health data sharing policies.Trial registration number NCT05626049.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e097133.full
spellingShingle Shelby D Reed
Adam P Goode
Rowena J Dolor
Barcey T Levy
Stacie A Salsbury
Christine Goertz
Hrishikesh Chakraborty
Samuel Broderick
Kelley Ryan
Sharon Settles
Shoshana Hort
Elizabeth A Chrischilles
Stacie Kasper
James E Stahl
Chandra Almond
Zacariah Shannon
Debra Harris
Jeanette Daly
Patricia Winokur
Jon D Lurie
Implementation of the American- College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain (IMPACt-LBP): protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster-randomised trial
BMJ Open
title Implementation of the American- College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain (IMPACt-LBP): protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster-randomised trial
title_full Implementation of the American- College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain (IMPACt-LBP): protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster-randomised trial
title_fullStr Implementation of the American- College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain (IMPACt-LBP): protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster-randomised trial
title_full_unstemmed Implementation of the American- College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain (IMPACt-LBP): protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster-randomised trial
title_short Implementation of the American- College of Physicians Guideline for Low Back Pain (IMPACt-LBP): protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster-randomised trial
title_sort implementation of the american college of physicians guideline for low back pain impact lbp protocol for a healthcare systems embedded multisite pragmatic cluster randomised trial
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e097133.full
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