Assessment of Six Polymorphic Variants as Genetic Risks for Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Certain genetic polymorphisms play an important role in this multifactorial disease, being linked with increased risk of early onset CAD. Objective: To assess six genetic polymorphisms and clinical risk factors in rel...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Medical Journal of Babylon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1389_23 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849412857564758016 |
|---|---|
| author | Bassam Musa Sadik Al-Musawi Rafah Kamil Obeid Al-Ajeeli |
| author_facet | Bassam Musa Sadik Al-Musawi Rafah Kamil Obeid Al-Ajeeli |
| author_sort | Bassam Musa Sadik Al-Musawi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Certain genetic polymorphisms play an important role in this multifactorial disease, being linked with increased risk of early onset CAD. Objective: To assess six genetic polymorphisms and clinical risk factors in relation to early onset nondiabetic Iraqi Arab CAD patients compared to controls. Materials and Methods: This case–control study recruited 40 Iraqi patients with early onset CAD and 20 healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data were reported. Six genetic variants were tested: β-fibrinogen (FGB), human platelet antigen 1 (HPA1a/b), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), two variants of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and lymphotoxin alpha (LTA), utilizing a ready-to-use kit. Results: The majority of patients were older males (85%), nonsmokers (52.5%), hypertensives (57.5%), had dyslipidemia (100%), and had a family history of ischemia (77.5%). This contrasts the findings in the control group (P < 0.001). From the six studied polymorphisms, a statistically significant difference was found between patients and controls in relation to ACE and LTA genes (P = 0.032 and 0.028), respectively. None (0%) of the participants had a genetic risk score >6. There was a statistically significant association between higher clinical risk scores and CAD group; eNOS G894T was found to be linked with increasing age, while LTA was linked to dyslipidemia. Conclusions: This study aids in CAD risk stratification. There is a need for longitudinal studies assessing more genetic risks to CAD as a national CAD preventive program for high-risk Iraqi people. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6ebe9b7a6c144699bc4537d25e65296 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1812-156X 2312-6760 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medical Journal of Babylon |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6ebe9b7a6c144699bc4537d25e652962025-08-20T03:34:18ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsMedical Journal of Babylon1812-156X2312-67602025-04-0122245846610.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1389_23Assessment of Six Polymorphic Variants as Genetic Risks for Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control StudyBassam Musa Sadik Al-MusawiRafah Kamil Obeid Al-AjeeliBackground: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Certain genetic polymorphisms play an important role in this multifactorial disease, being linked with increased risk of early onset CAD. Objective: To assess six genetic polymorphisms and clinical risk factors in relation to early onset nondiabetic Iraqi Arab CAD patients compared to controls. Materials and Methods: This case–control study recruited 40 Iraqi patients with early onset CAD and 20 healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data were reported. Six genetic variants were tested: β-fibrinogen (FGB), human platelet antigen 1 (HPA1a/b), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), two variants of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and lymphotoxin alpha (LTA), utilizing a ready-to-use kit. Results: The majority of patients were older males (85%), nonsmokers (52.5%), hypertensives (57.5%), had dyslipidemia (100%), and had a family history of ischemia (77.5%). This contrasts the findings in the control group (P < 0.001). From the six studied polymorphisms, a statistically significant difference was found between patients and controls in relation to ACE and LTA genes (P = 0.032 and 0.028), respectively. None (0%) of the participants had a genetic risk score >6. There was a statistically significant association between higher clinical risk scores and CAD group; eNOS G894T was found to be linked with increasing age, while LTA was linked to dyslipidemia. Conclusions: This study aids in CAD risk stratification. There is a need for longitudinal studies assessing more genetic risks to CAD as a national CAD preventive program for high-risk Iraqi people.https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1389_23acecadhypertensionihdiraqltapolymorphism |
| spellingShingle | Bassam Musa Sadik Al-Musawi Rafah Kamil Obeid Al-Ajeeli Assessment of Six Polymorphic Variants as Genetic Risks for Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study Medical Journal of Babylon ace cad hypertension ihd iraq lta polymorphism |
| title | Assessment of Six Polymorphic Variants as Genetic Risks for Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study |
| title_full | Assessment of Six Polymorphic Variants as Genetic Risks for Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Six Polymorphic Variants as Genetic Risks for Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Six Polymorphic Variants as Genetic Risks for Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study |
| title_short | Assessment of Six Polymorphic Variants as Genetic Risks for Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study |
| title_sort | assessment of six polymorphic variants as genetic risks for coronary artery disease a case control study |
| topic | ace cad hypertension ihd iraq lta polymorphism |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1389_23 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bassammusasadikalmusawi assessmentofsixpolymorphicvariantsasgeneticrisksforcoronaryarterydiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT rafahkamilobeidalajeeli assessmentofsixpolymorphicvariantsasgeneticrisksforcoronaryarterydiseaseacasecontrolstudy |