Experimental Study on Influence of Height of Full-Width Plate Weirs on Flow Behavior, Discharge, and Energy Dissipation

The role of weirs in flow regulation in water resources infrastructure and flood control is well known. In the meantime, the study of full-width plate weirs (FWPW), due to their wide application and lacking findings, is of great importance. In this study, experimental models were conducted at Babol...

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Main Authors: Ali Mahdian Khalili, Hossein Sohrabzadeh Anzani, Mehdi Hamidi, Sameh Ahmed Kantoush
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Hydrology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/176
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author Ali Mahdian Khalili
Hossein Sohrabzadeh Anzani
Mehdi Hamidi
Sameh Ahmed Kantoush
author_facet Ali Mahdian Khalili
Hossein Sohrabzadeh Anzani
Mehdi Hamidi
Sameh Ahmed Kantoush
author_sort Ali Mahdian Khalili
collection DOAJ
description The role of weirs in flow regulation in water resources infrastructure and flood control is well known. In the meantime, the study of full-width plate weirs (FWPW), due to their wide application and lacking findings, is of great importance. In this study, experimental models were conducted at Babol Noshirvani University of Technology to investigate flow passing through FWPWs with five different heights (<i>p</i> = 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, and 0.15 m) under eight discharge conditions (<i>Q</i> = 1.4 to 6.3 L/s). The experiments were carried out in a flume measuring 4 m in length, 0.6 m in width, and 0.2 m in height. The discharges were measured with a calibrated flowmeter, and the water depths upstream of the weir (<i>h</i>) and the tailwater depths (<i>h</i><sub>1</sub>) were measured with a point gauge with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. For each test, the discharge coefficient (<i>C<sub>d</sub></i>), relative residual energy (<i>E</i><sub>1</sub>/<i>E</i><sub>0</sub>), and relative energy dissipation ((<i>E</i><sub>0</sub> − <i>E</i><sub>1</sub>)/<i>E</i><sub>0</sub>) were computed. The proposed equation for calculating discharge achieved good accuracy with RMSE = 0.0002, MAE=0.0002, and R<sup>2</sup> = 0.997. Results show a reducing trend of <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> by increasing <i>h</i>/<i>P</i>, which is compatible with previous results. It was observed that at a constant discharge, relative residual energy reduces by an average of 47% by increasing weir height, and at a constant <i>P</i>, increasing flow discharge increases it a little. A novel accurate equation for relative energy dissipation in FWPW was proposed based on <i>h</i>/<i>P</i> that provided specific constant coefficients for each <i>p</i> value.
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series Hydrology
spelling doaj-art-e6ebb8833b3945e5806c76243f6eb4572025-08-20T03:58:30ZengMDPI AGHydrology2306-53382025-07-0112717610.3390/hydrology12070176Experimental Study on Influence of Height of Full-Width Plate Weirs on Flow Behavior, Discharge, and Energy DissipationAli Mahdian Khalili0Hossein Sohrabzadeh Anzani1Mehdi Hamidi2Sameh Ahmed Kantoush3Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol 4714871167, IranWater Resources Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji 6110011, JapanFaculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Avenue, Babol 4714871167, IranWater Resources Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji 6110011, JapanThe role of weirs in flow regulation in water resources infrastructure and flood control is well known. In the meantime, the study of full-width plate weirs (FWPW), due to their wide application and lacking findings, is of great importance. In this study, experimental models were conducted at Babol Noshirvani University of Technology to investigate flow passing through FWPWs with five different heights (<i>p</i> = 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, and 0.15 m) under eight discharge conditions (<i>Q</i> = 1.4 to 6.3 L/s). The experiments were carried out in a flume measuring 4 m in length, 0.6 m in width, and 0.2 m in height. The discharges were measured with a calibrated flowmeter, and the water depths upstream of the weir (<i>h</i>) and the tailwater depths (<i>h</i><sub>1</sub>) were measured with a point gauge with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. For each test, the discharge coefficient (<i>C<sub>d</sub></i>), relative residual energy (<i>E</i><sub>1</sub>/<i>E</i><sub>0</sub>), and relative energy dissipation ((<i>E</i><sub>0</sub> − <i>E</i><sub>1</sub>)/<i>E</i><sub>0</sub>) were computed. The proposed equation for calculating discharge achieved good accuracy with RMSE = 0.0002, MAE=0.0002, and R<sup>2</sup> = 0.997. Results show a reducing trend of <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> by increasing <i>h</i>/<i>P</i>, which is compatible with previous results. It was observed that at a constant discharge, relative residual energy reduces by an average of 47% by increasing weir height, and at a constant <i>P</i>, increasing flow discharge increases it a little. A novel accurate equation for relative energy dissipation in FWPW was proposed based on <i>h</i>/<i>P</i> that provided specific constant coefficients for each <i>p</i> value.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/176thin-plate weirdischarge coefficientenergy dissipationflow characteristicstailwater depthclimate change
spellingShingle Ali Mahdian Khalili
Hossein Sohrabzadeh Anzani
Mehdi Hamidi
Sameh Ahmed Kantoush
Experimental Study on Influence of Height of Full-Width Plate Weirs on Flow Behavior, Discharge, and Energy Dissipation
Hydrology
thin-plate weir
discharge coefficient
energy dissipation
flow characteristics
tailwater depth
climate change
title Experimental Study on Influence of Height of Full-Width Plate Weirs on Flow Behavior, Discharge, and Energy Dissipation
title_full Experimental Study on Influence of Height of Full-Width Plate Weirs on Flow Behavior, Discharge, and Energy Dissipation
title_fullStr Experimental Study on Influence of Height of Full-Width Plate Weirs on Flow Behavior, Discharge, and Energy Dissipation
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Study on Influence of Height of Full-Width Plate Weirs on Flow Behavior, Discharge, and Energy Dissipation
title_short Experimental Study on Influence of Height of Full-Width Plate Weirs on Flow Behavior, Discharge, and Energy Dissipation
title_sort experimental study on influence of height of full width plate weirs on flow behavior discharge and energy dissipation
topic thin-plate weir
discharge coefficient
energy dissipation
flow characteristics
tailwater depth
climate change
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/176
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AT mehdihamidi experimentalstudyoninfluenceofheightoffullwidthplateweirsonflowbehaviordischargeandenergydissipation
AT samehahmedkantoush experimentalstudyoninfluenceofheightoffullwidthplateweirsonflowbehaviordischargeandenergydissipation