Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate
The limited understanding of the factors that influence intercrop component performance continues to constrain the widespread adoption of intercropping systems. This study examined the relationships between dry yield, yield components, thousand kernel weight (TKW), hectoliter weight (HLW), and crude...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1349 |
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| Summary: | The limited understanding of the factors that influence intercrop component performance continues to constrain the widespread adoption of intercropping systems. This study examined the relationships between dry yield, yield components, thousand kernel weight (TKW), hectoliter weight (HLW), and crude protein content in spring oat and hull-less barley using principal component analysis with mix data (PCA mix), general linear modeling (GLM), and regression analysis. Results showed that the total intercropping yield of spring oat and pea can match that of oat pure stands. Year, cropping system, and their interaction had significant effects on total dry yield (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Spring oat showed more stable seed quality across years and cultivation systems but had lower crude protein content, TKW, and HLW compared to hull-less barley. TKW and crude protein content were significantly influenced by year, crop species, and their interactions (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as cultivation practice*year interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while cultivation practice had no significant effect on HLW (<i>p</i> = 0.904). A stronger negative correlation between dry yield and crude protein was observed in hull-less barley (R<sup>2</sup> > 57.8%) than in oat (R<sup>2</sup> < 13.9%), indicating higher protein yield trade-offs in barley. The dry yield–TKW relationship was negative in barley, reaching an R<sup>2</sup> of 52% in 2023, but it was positive in oat (R<sup>2</sup> = 26.6% in 2023; 28% in 2024), confirming crop-specific physiological responses under the same agro-ecological conditions. |
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| ISSN: | 2073-4395 |