An evaluation of novel AMP2-coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration: a proof-of-concept in vivo study

BackgroundAlveolar ridge preservation by guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a surgical procedure that can be performed prior to implant placement to increase the likelihood of survival. Autogenic, allogenic, or xenogeneic derived bone (particulate graft) are frequently placed in conjunction with a ba...

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Main Authors: Blaire V. Slavin, Shangtao Wu, Savanah R. Sturm, Kevin K. Hwang, Ricky Almada, Nicholas A. Mirsky, Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak, Lukasz Witek, Paulo G. Coelho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1443280/full
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author Blaire V. Slavin
Shangtao Wu
Savanah R. Sturm
Kevin K. Hwang
Ricky Almada
Nicholas A. Mirsky
Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
Lukasz Witek
Lukasz Witek
Lukasz Witek
Paulo G. Coelho
Paulo G. Coelho
Paulo G. Coelho
author_facet Blaire V. Slavin
Shangtao Wu
Savanah R. Sturm
Kevin K. Hwang
Ricky Almada
Nicholas A. Mirsky
Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
Lukasz Witek
Lukasz Witek
Lukasz Witek
Paulo G. Coelho
Paulo G. Coelho
Paulo G. Coelho
author_sort Blaire V. Slavin
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAlveolar ridge preservation by guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a surgical procedure that can be performed prior to implant placement to increase the likelihood of survival. Autogenic, allogenic, or xenogeneic derived bone (particulate graft) are frequently placed in conjunction with a barrier membrane for GBR; however, advancements in tissue engineering have led to the development of promising synthetic alternatives. Fiber-based scaffolds exhibit high surface-to-volume ratio and thereby improve cellular adhesion, reduce the likelihood of dehiscence and poor bone regeneration often associated with poorly immobilized particulate graft. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo performance of a novel electrospun composite scaffold coated in a recombinant variant of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (OsteoAdapt) relative to a porcine-derived xenograft. Further, it sought to determine if OsteoAdapt would remain within the defect without a membrane in place, as this is not feasible with the particulate xenograft currently used in clinical practice.MethodsFour-walled mandibular defects were created in each adult beagle dog (n = 4 defects per dog; n = 4 dogs for a total of 16 defects). Each defect received one of three experimental (test) groups: (i) OsteoAdapt without membrane (OA), (ii) OsteoAdapt with porcine membrane (OA/ZM), (iii) OsteoAdapt mixed with porcine particulate xenograft (Zcore™) with porcine membrane (OA/P/ZM) and compared to a positive control - Zcore™ with porcine membrane (CTRL). After 4-weeks in vivo, bone regeneration was assessed through qualitative volumetric reconstruction, qualitative and quantitative histological analyses.ResultsHistomorphometric measurement of bone regeneration (% bone) within the region of interest revealed no significant differences between OA, OA/ZM, or OA/P/ZM in comparison to the CTRL at 4-weeks (p = 0.086, p = 0.218, and p = 0.806, respectively). Similarly, evaluation of soft tissue presence (% soft tissue) indicated no significant differences between experimental groups OA, OA/ZM, or OA/P/ZM relative to the CTRL (p = 0.341, p = 0.679, p = 0.982, respectively). However, qualitative analysis of the histological micrographs demonstrated advanced bone healing characterized by an abundance of nucleation sites for regeneration to occur in defects treated with OA relative to the CTRL. Bone overgrowth beyond the limits of defect borders was observed in groups treated OA/ZM and OA/P/ZM. In contrast to the treatment groups, minimal woven bone was visualized in the CTRL group.ConclusionCompared to defects treated with porcine-derived particulate and barrier membrane (CTRL), defects filled with OA exhibited bone regeneration throughout the defect, with bone overgrowth when covered by a barrier membrane at 4-weeks in vivo. This suggests that the novel combination of AMP-2 and a bioceramic/synthetic polymer-based electrospun scaffold is a suitable candidate for GBR procedures, without a barrier membrane to secure its place within a defect.
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spelling doaj-art-e6d18f5d872b4d4ba52ffbb47fb01f012025-08-20T03:10:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852025-04-011310.3389/fbioe.2025.14432801443280An evaluation of novel AMP2-coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration: a proof-of-concept in vivo studyBlaire V. Slavin0Shangtao Wu1Savanah R. Sturm2Kevin K. Hwang3Ricky Almada4Nicholas A. Mirsky5Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak6Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak7Lukasz Witek8Lukasz Witek9Lukasz Witek10Paulo G. Coelho11Paulo G. Coelho12Paulo G. Coelho13University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesBiomaterials and Regenerative Biology Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United StatesHansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesDeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesBackgroundAlveolar ridge preservation by guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a surgical procedure that can be performed prior to implant placement to increase the likelihood of survival. Autogenic, allogenic, or xenogeneic derived bone (particulate graft) are frequently placed in conjunction with a barrier membrane for GBR; however, advancements in tissue engineering have led to the development of promising synthetic alternatives. Fiber-based scaffolds exhibit high surface-to-volume ratio and thereby improve cellular adhesion, reduce the likelihood of dehiscence and poor bone regeneration often associated with poorly immobilized particulate graft. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo performance of a novel electrospun composite scaffold coated in a recombinant variant of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (OsteoAdapt) relative to a porcine-derived xenograft. Further, it sought to determine if OsteoAdapt would remain within the defect without a membrane in place, as this is not feasible with the particulate xenograft currently used in clinical practice.MethodsFour-walled mandibular defects were created in each adult beagle dog (n = 4 defects per dog; n = 4 dogs for a total of 16 defects). Each defect received one of three experimental (test) groups: (i) OsteoAdapt without membrane (OA), (ii) OsteoAdapt with porcine membrane (OA/ZM), (iii) OsteoAdapt mixed with porcine particulate xenograft (Zcore™) with porcine membrane (OA/P/ZM) and compared to a positive control - Zcore™ with porcine membrane (CTRL). After 4-weeks in vivo, bone regeneration was assessed through qualitative volumetric reconstruction, qualitative and quantitative histological analyses.ResultsHistomorphometric measurement of bone regeneration (% bone) within the region of interest revealed no significant differences between OA, OA/ZM, or OA/P/ZM in comparison to the CTRL at 4-weeks (p = 0.086, p = 0.218, and p = 0.806, respectively). Similarly, evaluation of soft tissue presence (% soft tissue) indicated no significant differences between experimental groups OA, OA/ZM, or OA/P/ZM relative to the CTRL (p = 0.341, p = 0.679, p = 0.982, respectively). However, qualitative analysis of the histological micrographs demonstrated advanced bone healing characterized by an abundance of nucleation sites for regeneration to occur in defects treated with OA relative to the CTRL. Bone overgrowth beyond the limits of defect borders was observed in groups treated OA/ZM and OA/P/ZM. In contrast to the treatment groups, minimal woven bone was visualized in the CTRL group.ConclusionCompared to defects treated with porcine-derived particulate and barrier membrane (CTRL), defects filled with OA exhibited bone regeneration throughout the defect, with bone overgrowth when covered by a barrier membrane at 4-weeks in vivo. This suggests that the novel combination of AMP-2 and a bioceramic/synthetic polymer-based electrospun scaffold is a suitable candidate for GBR procedures, without a barrier membrane to secure its place within a defect.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1443280/fullbone regenerationin vivomandibular defectelectrospinningAMP-2composite scaffold
spellingShingle Blaire V. Slavin
Shangtao Wu
Savanah R. Sturm
Kevin K. Hwang
Ricky Almada
Nicholas A. Mirsky
Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
Lukasz Witek
Lukasz Witek
Lukasz Witek
Paulo G. Coelho
Paulo G. Coelho
Paulo G. Coelho
An evaluation of novel AMP2-coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration: a proof-of-concept in vivo study
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
bone regeneration
in vivo
mandibular defect
electrospinning
AMP-2
composite scaffold
title An evaluation of novel AMP2-coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration: a proof-of-concept in vivo study
title_full An evaluation of novel AMP2-coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration: a proof-of-concept in vivo study
title_fullStr An evaluation of novel AMP2-coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration: a proof-of-concept in vivo study
title_full_unstemmed An evaluation of novel AMP2-coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration: a proof-of-concept in vivo study
title_short An evaluation of novel AMP2-coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration: a proof-of-concept in vivo study
title_sort evaluation of novel amp2 coated electrospun composite scaffolds for intraoral bone regeneration a proof of concept in vivo study
topic bone regeneration
in vivo
mandibular defect
electrospinning
AMP-2
composite scaffold
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1443280/full
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