Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst.

Expression of the transcriptional transactivator protein Tax, encoded on the proviral plus-strand of human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is crucial for the replication of the virus, but Tax-expressing cells are rarely detected in fresh blood ex vivo. The dynamics and consequences of the pr...

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Main Authors: Saumya Ramanayake, Dale A Moulding, Yuetsu Tanaka, Abhyudai Singh, Charles R M Bangham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022-11-01
Series:PLoS Pathogens
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010774&type=printable
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author Saumya Ramanayake
Dale A Moulding
Yuetsu Tanaka
Abhyudai Singh
Charles R M Bangham
author_facet Saumya Ramanayake
Dale A Moulding
Yuetsu Tanaka
Abhyudai Singh
Charles R M Bangham
author_sort Saumya Ramanayake
collection DOAJ
description Expression of the transcriptional transactivator protein Tax, encoded on the proviral plus-strand of human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is crucial for the replication of the virus, but Tax-expressing cells are rarely detected in fresh blood ex vivo. The dynamics and consequences of the proviral plus-strand transcriptional burst remain insufficiently characterised. We combined time-lapse live-cell imaging, single-cell tracking and mathematical modelling to study the dynamics of Tax expression at single-cell resolution in two naturally-infected, non-malignant T-cell clones transduced with a short-lived enhanced green fluorescent protein (d2EGFP) Tax reporter system. Five different patterns of Tax expression were observed during the 30-hour observation period; the distribution of these patterns differed between the two clones. The mean duration of Tax expression in the two clones was 94 and 417 hours respectively, estimated from mathematical modelling of the experimental data. Tax expression was associated with a transient slowing in cell-cycle progression and proliferation, increased apoptosis, and enhanced activation of the DNA damage response pathways. Longer-term follow-up (14 days) revealed an increase in the proportion of proliferating cells and a decrease in the fraction of apoptotic cells as the cells ceased Tax expression, resulting in a greater net expansion of the initially Tax-positive population. Time-lapse live-cell imaging showed enhanced cell-to-cell adhesion among Tax-expressing cells, and decreased cell motility of Tax-expressing cells at the single-cell level. The results demonstrate the within-clone and between-clone heterogeneity in the dynamics and patterns of HTLV-1 plus-strand transcriptional bursts and the balance of positive and negative consequences of the burst for the host cell.
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spelling doaj-art-e6cfb2e629184ebf968abc49e04f009d2025-08-20T03:25:46ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742022-11-011811e101077410.1371/journal.ppat.1010774Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst.Saumya RamanayakeDale A MouldingYuetsu TanakaAbhyudai SinghCharles R M BanghamExpression of the transcriptional transactivator protein Tax, encoded on the proviral plus-strand of human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is crucial for the replication of the virus, but Tax-expressing cells are rarely detected in fresh blood ex vivo. The dynamics and consequences of the proviral plus-strand transcriptional burst remain insufficiently characterised. We combined time-lapse live-cell imaging, single-cell tracking and mathematical modelling to study the dynamics of Tax expression at single-cell resolution in two naturally-infected, non-malignant T-cell clones transduced with a short-lived enhanced green fluorescent protein (d2EGFP) Tax reporter system. Five different patterns of Tax expression were observed during the 30-hour observation period; the distribution of these patterns differed between the two clones. The mean duration of Tax expression in the two clones was 94 and 417 hours respectively, estimated from mathematical modelling of the experimental data. Tax expression was associated with a transient slowing in cell-cycle progression and proliferation, increased apoptosis, and enhanced activation of the DNA damage response pathways. Longer-term follow-up (14 days) revealed an increase in the proportion of proliferating cells and a decrease in the fraction of apoptotic cells as the cells ceased Tax expression, resulting in a greater net expansion of the initially Tax-positive population. Time-lapse live-cell imaging showed enhanced cell-to-cell adhesion among Tax-expressing cells, and decreased cell motility of Tax-expressing cells at the single-cell level. The results demonstrate the within-clone and between-clone heterogeneity in the dynamics and patterns of HTLV-1 plus-strand transcriptional bursts and the balance of positive and negative consequences of the burst for the host cell.https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010774&type=printable
spellingShingle Saumya Ramanayake
Dale A Moulding
Yuetsu Tanaka
Abhyudai Singh
Charles R M Bangham
Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst.
PLoS Pathogens
title Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst.
title_full Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst.
title_fullStr Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst.
title_full_unstemmed Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst.
title_short Dynamics and consequences of the HTLV-1 proviral plus-strand burst.
title_sort dynamics and consequences of the htlv 1 proviral plus strand burst
url https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010774&type=printable
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