Development and Validation of the Particle into Nitroxide Quencher System with BPEAnit Probe for High-Sensitivity Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Atmospheric Monitoring

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in atmospheric pollution, and their detection is essential for assessing air quality and health risks. This study developed and validated a standardized methodology for using the BPEAnit probe in a specially designed particle-into-liquid sampler,...

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Main Authors: Ruiwen Wang, Jiawen Li, Hao Wang, Shuo Deng, Congrong He, Branka Miljevic, Zoran Ristovski, Boguang Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1129
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author Ruiwen Wang
Jiawen Li
Hao Wang
Shuo Deng
Congrong He
Branka Miljevic
Zoran Ristovski
Boguang Wang
author_facet Ruiwen Wang
Jiawen Li
Hao Wang
Shuo Deng
Congrong He
Branka Miljevic
Zoran Ristovski
Boguang Wang
author_sort Ruiwen Wang
collection DOAJ
description Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in atmospheric pollution, and their detection is essential for assessing air quality and health risks. This study developed and validated a standardized methodology for using the BPEAnit probe in a specially designed particle-into-liquid sampler, the Particle Into Nitroxide Quencher (PINQ), to measure reactive oxygen species in atmospheric monitoring applications. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.03 nmol·m<sup>−3</sup>, robust linearity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9999), and negligible system residue, ensuring accurate ROS quantification. Comparative analyses of startup conditions revealed superior baseline stability under cold start conditions despite the longer stabilization time required. The auto-oxidation of the BPEAnit probe, measured at a rate of 3.01 nmol·m<sup>−3</sup> per hour, was identified as a critical factor for long-term monitoring, highlighting the necessity of standardized procedures to mitigate the drift effect. The study established the system’s suitability for urban air quality assessments and public health risk evaluations, offering insights into its limitations and operational challenges. Future advancements could focus on enhancing probe stability and expanding the method’s utility in diverse operational environments, thereby broadening its applicability to diverse monitoring scenarios.
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spelling doaj-art-e6c8eecf1b9140fbaae2f8dde1bf8d1b2025-08-20T02:03:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01254112910.3390/s25041129Development and Validation of the Particle into Nitroxide Quencher System with BPEAnit Probe for High-Sensitivity Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Atmospheric MonitoringRuiwen Wang0Jiawen Li1Hao Wang2Shuo Deng3Congrong He4Branka Miljevic5Zoran Ristovski6Boguang Wang7College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaCollege of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaCollege of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaCollege of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaSchool of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, AustraliaSchool of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, AustraliaSchool of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, AustraliaCollege of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, ChinaReactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in atmospheric pollution, and their detection is essential for assessing air quality and health risks. This study developed and validated a standardized methodology for using the BPEAnit probe in a specially designed particle-into-liquid sampler, the Particle Into Nitroxide Quencher (PINQ), to measure reactive oxygen species in atmospheric monitoring applications. The method demonstrated high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.03 nmol·m<sup>−3</sup>, robust linearity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9999), and negligible system residue, ensuring accurate ROS quantification. Comparative analyses of startup conditions revealed superior baseline stability under cold start conditions despite the longer stabilization time required. The auto-oxidation of the BPEAnit probe, measured at a rate of 3.01 nmol·m<sup>−3</sup> per hour, was identified as a critical factor for long-term monitoring, highlighting the necessity of standardized procedures to mitigate the drift effect. The study established the system’s suitability for urban air quality assessments and public health risk evaluations, offering insights into its limitations and operational challenges. Future advancements could focus on enhancing probe stability and expanding the method’s utility in diverse operational environments, thereby broadening its applicability to diverse monitoring scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1129reactive oxygen speciesBPEAnitPINQstandardizationdetection sensitivityatmospheric monitoring
spellingShingle Ruiwen Wang
Jiawen Li
Hao Wang
Shuo Deng
Congrong He
Branka Miljevic
Zoran Ristovski
Boguang Wang
Development and Validation of the Particle into Nitroxide Quencher System with BPEAnit Probe for High-Sensitivity Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Atmospheric Monitoring
Sensors
reactive oxygen species
BPEAnit
PINQ
standardization
detection sensitivity
atmospheric monitoring
title Development and Validation of the Particle into Nitroxide Quencher System with BPEAnit Probe for High-Sensitivity Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Atmospheric Monitoring
title_full Development and Validation of the Particle into Nitroxide Quencher System with BPEAnit Probe for High-Sensitivity Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Atmospheric Monitoring
title_fullStr Development and Validation of the Particle into Nitroxide Quencher System with BPEAnit Probe for High-Sensitivity Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Atmospheric Monitoring
title_full_unstemmed Development and Validation of the Particle into Nitroxide Quencher System with BPEAnit Probe for High-Sensitivity Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Atmospheric Monitoring
title_short Development and Validation of the Particle into Nitroxide Quencher System with BPEAnit Probe for High-Sensitivity Reactive Oxygen Species Detection in Atmospheric Monitoring
title_sort development and validation of the particle into nitroxide quencher system with bpeanit probe for high sensitivity reactive oxygen species detection in atmospheric monitoring
topic reactive oxygen species
BPEAnit
PINQ
standardization
detection sensitivity
atmospheric monitoring
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1129
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