Real-World Analysis Evaluating Treatment Eligibility and Outcomes in Patients With AML Receiving Intensive Chemotherapy: Insights From an Underrepresented Population

PURPOSEOver the past decade, there have been significant advancements in the treatment of AML. However, similar progress has not been observed in India, with induction mortality rates surpassing those in high-income countries. Our patient population also differs significantly from those in clinical...

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Main Authors: Hasmukh Jain, Thomas Eipe, Alok Shetty, Lingaraj Nayak, Bhausaheb Pandurang Bagal, Neha Sharma, Akash Pawar, Manju Sengar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society of Clinical Oncology 2025-04-01
Series:JCO Global Oncology
Online Access:https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/GO-24-00482
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author Hasmukh Jain
Thomas Eipe
Alok Shetty
Lingaraj Nayak
Bhausaheb Pandurang Bagal
Neha Sharma
Akash Pawar
Manju Sengar
author_facet Hasmukh Jain
Thomas Eipe
Alok Shetty
Lingaraj Nayak
Bhausaheb Pandurang Bagal
Neha Sharma
Akash Pawar
Manju Sengar
author_sort Hasmukh Jain
collection DOAJ
description PURPOSEOver the past decade, there have been significant advancements in the treatment of AML. However, similar progress has not been observed in India, with induction mortality rates surpassing those in high-income countries. Our patient population also differs significantly from those in clinical trials, with about 50% ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Yet, because of limited access to newer therapies and high costs, most of these patients receive intensive therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn this study, we retrospectively classified patients who received intensive induction into fit and unfit groups on the basis of landmark trial criteria. Data were extracted from the Indian Acute Leukemia Research Database, a prospective registry maintained under the Hematology Cancer Consortium. The primary objective was induction mortality.RESULTSWe analyzed 385 patients with AML treated between 2017 and 2019. The median age at diagnosis was 33 years (range, 15-61). Induction mortality was reported at 6.1% in the fit cohort and 20.2% in the unfit cohort (odds ratio, 3.91 [1.97-7.74]; P < .0001). Factors such as increased age, poor performance status, baseline infection, and low albumin were associated with a poor prognosis for early death. After a median follow-up of 19.2 months, the 2-year overall survival in the overall, fit, and unfit cohorts was 62.7%, 67%, and 58.1%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur findings highlight the baseline characteristics of our patient population and their impact on the outcomes of induction therapy. Unfit patients who received intensive chemotherapy had higher induction mortality and lower overall survival.
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spelling doaj-art-e6c43c697e3346d0898b5835e3924c6b2025-08-20T02:16:45ZengAmerican Society of Clinical OncologyJCO Global Oncology2687-89412025-04-011110.1200/GO-24-00482Real-World Analysis Evaluating Treatment Eligibility and Outcomes in Patients With AML Receiving Intensive Chemotherapy: Insights From an Underrepresented PopulationHasmukh Jain0Thomas Eipe1Alok Shetty2Lingaraj Nayak3Bhausaheb Pandurang Bagal4Neha Sharma5Akash Pawar6Manju Sengar7Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaClinical Research Secretariat, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IndiaPURPOSEOver the past decade, there have been significant advancements in the treatment of AML. However, similar progress has not been observed in India, with induction mortality rates surpassing those in high-income countries. Our patient population also differs significantly from those in clinical trials, with about 50% ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Yet, because of limited access to newer therapies and high costs, most of these patients receive intensive therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn this study, we retrospectively classified patients who received intensive induction into fit and unfit groups on the basis of landmark trial criteria. Data were extracted from the Indian Acute Leukemia Research Database, a prospective registry maintained under the Hematology Cancer Consortium. The primary objective was induction mortality.RESULTSWe analyzed 385 patients with AML treated between 2017 and 2019. The median age at diagnosis was 33 years (range, 15-61). Induction mortality was reported at 6.1% in the fit cohort and 20.2% in the unfit cohort (odds ratio, 3.91 [1.97-7.74]; P < .0001). Factors such as increased age, poor performance status, baseline infection, and low albumin were associated with a poor prognosis for early death. After a median follow-up of 19.2 months, the 2-year overall survival in the overall, fit, and unfit cohorts was 62.7%, 67%, and 58.1%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur findings highlight the baseline characteristics of our patient population and their impact on the outcomes of induction therapy. Unfit patients who received intensive chemotherapy had higher induction mortality and lower overall survival.https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/GO-24-00482
spellingShingle Hasmukh Jain
Thomas Eipe
Alok Shetty
Lingaraj Nayak
Bhausaheb Pandurang Bagal
Neha Sharma
Akash Pawar
Manju Sengar
Real-World Analysis Evaluating Treatment Eligibility and Outcomes in Patients With AML Receiving Intensive Chemotherapy: Insights From an Underrepresented Population
JCO Global Oncology
title Real-World Analysis Evaluating Treatment Eligibility and Outcomes in Patients With AML Receiving Intensive Chemotherapy: Insights From an Underrepresented Population
title_full Real-World Analysis Evaluating Treatment Eligibility and Outcomes in Patients With AML Receiving Intensive Chemotherapy: Insights From an Underrepresented Population
title_fullStr Real-World Analysis Evaluating Treatment Eligibility and Outcomes in Patients With AML Receiving Intensive Chemotherapy: Insights From an Underrepresented Population
title_full_unstemmed Real-World Analysis Evaluating Treatment Eligibility and Outcomes in Patients With AML Receiving Intensive Chemotherapy: Insights From an Underrepresented Population
title_short Real-World Analysis Evaluating Treatment Eligibility and Outcomes in Patients With AML Receiving Intensive Chemotherapy: Insights From an Underrepresented Population
title_sort real world analysis evaluating treatment eligibility and outcomes in patients with aml receiving intensive chemotherapy insights from an underrepresented population
url https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/GO-24-00482
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