Unveiling the early evolution of black corals

Abstract Black corals, primarily deep-sea cnidarians (Anthozoa: Antipatharia), are inferred to have originated either in the Ediacaran or Cambrian based on molecular clock estimates. However, only the fossil family Sinopathidae, comprising Sinopathes and Sterictopathes, from the Early Ordovician of...

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Main Authors: Wenjing Hao, Jian Han, Andrzej Baliński, Mercer R. Brugler, Deng Wang, Xin Wang, Bernhard Ruthensteiner, Tsuyoshi Komiya, Jie Sun, Yuanyuan Yong, Xikun Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08022-x
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author Wenjing Hao
Jian Han
Andrzej Baliński
Mercer R. Brugler
Deng Wang
Xin Wang
Bernhard Ruthensteiner
Tsuyoshi Komiya
Jie Sun
Yuanyuan Yong
Xikun Song
author_facet Wenjing Hao
Jian Han
Andrzej Baliński
Mercer R. Brugler
Deng Wang
Xin Wang
Bernhard Ruthensteiner
Tsuyoshi Komiya
Jie Sun
Yuanyuan Yong
Xikun Song
author_sort Wenjing Hao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Black corals, primarily deep-sea cnidarians (Anthozoa: Antipatharia), are inferred to have originated either in the Ediacaran or Cambrian based on molecular clock estimates. However, only the fossil family Sinopathidae, comprising Sinopathes and Sterictopathes, from the Early Ordovician of Hubei, China, has been recorded in the fossil record. The affinity of this family has been questioned because of morphological inconsistencies between fossil and extant species. Here we describe two transitional species of Sterictopathes from the Middle Ordovician of Shaanxi, China, bridging the fossil gaps and thereby elevating the genus Sterictopathes to a new family, Sterictopathidae fam. nov. The hypothesized evolutionary trend toward regularity in the axial skeleton from the Ordovician to modern Antipatharia is highlighted by reduced ridges and longitudinal fusion of networks. This discovery and confirmation of Ordovician black corals paves the way for future fossil findings and offers new insights into the early evolution of Hexacorallia.
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spelling doaj-art-e6c1c7bffbb34cdaae34c86909dfb2c12025-08-20T03:06:50ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-04-018111010.1038/s42003-025-08022-xUnveiling the early evolution of black coralsWenjing Hao0Jian Han1Andrzej Baliński2Mercer R. Brugler3Deng Wang4Xin Wang5Bernhard Ruthensteiner6Tsuyoshi Komiya7Jie Sun8Yuanyuan Yong9Xikun Song10Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments (SKLELE), State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life (SKLCEE), Department of Geology, Northwest UniversityShaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments (SKLELE), State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life (SKLCEE), Department of Geology, Northwest UniversityInstitute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina BeaufortShaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments (SKLELE), State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life (SKLCEE), Department of Geology, Northwest UniversityCentre for Orogenic Belt Geology, CGS, Xi’an Center of China Geological SurveySNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenDepartment of Earth Science and Astronomy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoShaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments (SKLELE), State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life (SKLCEE), Department of Geology, Northwest UniversityShaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments (SKLELE), State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life (SKLCEE), Department of Geology, Northwest UniversityInstitute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Black corals, primarily deep-sea cnidarians (Anthozoa: Antipatharia), are inferred to have originated either in the Ediacaran or Cambrian based on molecular clock estimates. However, only the fossil family Sinopathidae, comprising Sinopathes and Sterictopathes, from the Early Ordovician of Hubei, China, has been recorded in the fossil record. The affinity of this family has been questioned because of morphological inconsistencies between fossil and extant species. Here we describe two transitional species of Sterictopathes from the Middle Ordovician of Shaanxi, China, bridging the fossil gaps and thereby elevating the genus Sterictopathes to a new family, Sterictopathidae fam. nov. The hypothesized evolutionary trend toward regularity in the axial skeleton from the Ordovician to modern Antipatharia is highlighted by reduced ridges and longitudinal fusion of networks. This discovery and confirmation of Ordovician black corals paves the way for future fossil findings and offers new insights into the early evolution of Hexacorallia.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08022-x
spellingShingle Wenjing Hao
Jian Han
Andrzej Baliński
Mercer R. Brugler
Deng Wang
Xin Wang
Bernhard Ruthensteiner
Tsuyoshi Komiya
Jie Sun
Yuanyuan Yong
Xikun Song
Unveiling the early evolution of black corals
Communications Biology
title Unveiling the early evolution of black corals
title_full Unveiling the early evolution of black corals
title_fullStr Unveiling the early evolution of black corals
title_full_unstemmed Unveiling the early evolution of black corals
title_short Unveiling the early evolution of black corals
title_sort unveiling the early evolution of black corals
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08022-x
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