Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessment
The first evidence that Orthopoxvirus induced the expansion in vivo and the recall of effector innate Vδ2 T-cells was described in a macaque model. Although, an engagement of αβ T-cells specific response in patients infected with human monkeypox (Mpox) was demonstrated, little is known about the rol...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2455585 |
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| author | Eleonora Cimini Eleonora Tartaglia Francesco Messina Andrea Coppola Valentina Mazzotta Massimo Tempestilli Giulia Matusali Stefania Notari Annalisa Mondi Gianluca Prota Alessandra Oliva Carla Fontana Enrico Girardi Fabrizio Maggi Andrea Antinori |
| author_facet | Eleonora Cimini Eleonora Tartaglia Francesco Messina Andrea Coppola Valentina Mazzotta Massimo Tempestilli Giulia Matusali Stefania Notari Annalisa Mondi Gianluca Prota Alessandra Oliva Carla Fontana Enrico Girardi Fabrizio Maggi Andrea Antinori |
| author_sort | Eleonora Cimini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The first evidence that Orthopoxvirus induced the expansion in vivo and the recall of effector innate Vδ2 T-cells was described in a macaque model. Although, an engagement of αβ T-cells specific response in patients infected with human monkeypox (Mpox) was demonstrated, little is known about the role of γδ T-cells during Mpox infection. IFN-γ-producing γδ T-cells in the resistance to poxviruses may a key role in inducing a protective type 1 memory immunity. We analyzed the kinetics of Vδ2 T-cell response from the acute phase up to three months after Mpox infection. Fourteen MSM subjects (5 PWH, 35.7%) were enrolled in a longitudinal study from May to July 2022. Blood samples were collected in the early phase of infection (T1, T2) and at 3 months (T3M) post-symptom onset. Vδ2 T-cell profiles (CD45RA/CCR7), activation/exhaustion markers (CD38/HLA-DR/CD57/PD-1/TIM-3), cytokine production (IFN-γ/TNF-α) and CD107a expression were assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry. Ten healthy donors (HD) were used as a control group. At T1, Vδ2 T-cell frequency of patients decreased, and effector memory Vδ2 T-cells increased with respect to HD. Activation/exhaustion markers were higher than HD. Vδ2 functionality decreased at T1 related to HD, and it was associated with CD38 and HLA-DR higher expression as well as TIM-3. Vδ2 T-cells restored their profile at T3M. The presence of effector/activated Vδ2 T-cells in the early stages of Mpox infection and their capability to activate quickly, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, may be useful to enhance the early adaptive response to human Mpox, maintaining a protective memory/effector T-cell response. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6c0b44bd8374f86866e23c161dd8787 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6c0b44bd8374f86866e23c161dd87872025-02-03T16:27:22ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2455585Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessmentEleonora Cimini0Eleonora Tartaglia1Francesco Messina2Andrea Coppola3Valentina Mazzotta4Massimo Tempestilli5Giulia Matusali6Stefania Notari7Annalisa Mondi8Gianluca Prota9Alessandra Oliva10Carla Fontana11Enrico Girardi12Fabrizio Maggi13Andrea Antinori14Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyMicrobiology Laboratory and Biobank, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyHIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyHIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyMicrobiology Laboratory and Biobank, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, ItalyHIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyMicrobiology Laboratory and Biobank, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, ItalyScientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, ItalyLaboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyHIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, ItalyThe first evidence that Orthopoxvirus induced the expansion in vivo and the recall of effector innate Vδ2 T-cells was described in a macaque model. Although, an engagement of αβ T-cells specific response in patients infected with human monkeypox (Mpox) was demonstrated, little is known about the role of γδ T-cells during Mpox infection. IFN-γ-producing γδ T-cells in the resistance to poxviruses may a key role in inducing a protective type 1 memory immunity. We analyzed the kinetics of Vδ2 T-cell response from the acute phase up to three months after Mpox infection. Fourteen MSM subjects (5 PWH, 35.7%) were enrolled in a longitudinal study from May to July 2022. Blood samples were collected in the early phase of infection (T1, T2) and at 3 months (T3M) post-symptom onset. Vδ2 T-cell profiles (CD45RA/CCR7), activation/exhaustion markers (CD38/HLA-DR/CD57/PD-1/TIM-3), cytokine production (IFN-γ/TNF-α) and CD107a expression were assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry. Ten healthy donors (HD) were used as a control group. At T1, Vδ2 T-cell frequency of patients decreased, and effector memory Vδ2 T-cells increased with respect to HD. Activation/exhaustion markers were higher than HD. Vδ2 functionality decreased at T1 related to HD, and it was associated with CD38 and HLA-DR higher expression as well as TIM-3. Vδ2 T-cells restored their profile at T3M. The presence of effector/activated Vδ2 T-cells in the early stages of Mpox infection and their capability to activate quickly, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, may be useful to enhance the early adaptive response to human Mpox, maintaining a protective memory/effector T-cell response.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2455585Innate immunityVδ2 T-cellsemerging virusesMpoxexhaustion |
| spellingShingle | Eleonora Cimini Eleonora Tartaglia Francesco Messina Andrea Coppola Valentina Mazzotta Massimo Tempestilli Giulia Matusali Stefania Notari Annalisa Mondi Gianluca Prota Alessandra Oliva Carla Fontana Enrico Girardi Fabrizio Maggi Andrea Antinori Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessment Emerging Microbes and Infections Innate immunity Vδ2 T-cells emerging viruses Mpox exhaustion |
| title | Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessment |
| title_full | Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessment |
| title_fullStr | Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessment |
| title_short | Vδ2 T-cells response in people with Mpox infection: a three-month longitudinal assessment |
| title_sort | vδ2 t cells response in people with mpox infection a three month longitudinal assessment |
| topic | Innate immunity Vδ2 T-cells emerging viruses Mpox exhaustion |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2455585 |
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