An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded Systems

In advanced multicore embedded systems, network-on-chip (NoC) is vital for core communication. With a rise in the number of cores, the incidence of core failures rises, potentially affecting system performance and stability. To address the challenges associated with core failures in network-on-chip...

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Main Authors: Bowen Hou, Dali Xu, Fangfa Fu, Bing Yang, Na Niu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Micromachines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/421
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author Bowen Hou
Dali Xu
Fangfa Fu
Bing Yang
Na Niu
author_facet Bowen Hou
Dali Xu
Fangfa Fu
Bing Yang
Na Niu
author_sort Bowen Hou
collection DOAJ
description In advanced multicore embedded systems, network-on-chip (NoC) is vital for core communication. With a rise in the number of cores, the incidence of core failures rises, potentially affecting system performance and stability. To address the challenges associated with core failures in network-on-chip (NoC) systems, researchers have proposed numerous topology reconfiguration algorithms. However, these algorithms fail to achieve an optimal balance between topology reconfiguration rate and recovery time. Addressing these issues, we propose an adaptive core distribution optimization topology reconfiguration algorithm, which involves the distribution of faulty cores as the main factor for the reconfiguration procedure. This algorithm is based on a 2D REmesh structure to achieve physical topology reconfiguration, optimized through a bidirectional search algorithm, and features an adaptive algorithm for optimizing core distribution. Experimental results show that a 96.70% successful reconfiguration rate with the proposed algorithm can be guaranteed when faulty cores are less than 68.75% of the max faulty cores. In particular, when the faulty cores reach 8 in the 8 × 9 REmesh, the successful reconfiguration rate is 63.60% with the proposed algorithm, which is 14.80% higher than BTTR and 9.30% higher than BSTR. Additionally, the average recovery time of our algorithm is reduced by 98.60% compared with BTTR and by 15.87% compared with BSTR, significantly improving both the performance and reliability in embedded systems.
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spelling doaj-art-e6bee17fd9124ec1b65258ca451848c72025-08-20T02:28:32ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-03-0116442110.3390/mi16040421An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded SystemsBowen Hou0Dali Xu1Fangfa Fu2Bing Yang3Na Niu4College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaCollege of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaDepartment of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, ChinaDepartment of Software, Microelectronics School, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, ChinaCollege of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaIn advanced multicore embedded systems, network-on-chip (NoC) is vital for core communication. With a rise in the number of cores, the incidence of core failures rises, potentially affecting system performance and stability. To address the challenges associated with core failures in network-on-chip (NoC) systems, researchers have proposed numerous topology reconfiguration algorithms. However, these algorithms fail to achieve an optimal balance between topology reconfiguration rate and recovery time. Addressing these issues, we propose an adaptive core distribution optimization topology reconfiguration algorithm, which involves the distribution of faulty cores as the main factor for the reconfiguration procedure. This algorithm is based on a 2D REmesh structure to achieve physical topology reconfiguration, optimized through a bidirectional search algorithm, and features an adaptive algorithm for optimizing core distribution. Experimental results show that a 96.70% successful reconfiguration rate with the proposed algorithm can be guaranteed when faulty cores are less than 68.75% of the max faulty cores. In particular, when the faulty cores reach 8 in the 8 × 9 REmesh, the successful reconfiguration rate is 63.60% with the proposed algorithm, which is 14.80% higher than BTTR and 9.30% higher than BSTR. Additionally, the average recovery time of our algorithm is reduced by 98.60% compared with BTTR and by 15.87% compared with BSTR, significantly improving both the performance and reliability in embedded systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/421network-on-chipadaptive core distribution optimizationcore-level redundancytopology reconfiguration
spellingShingle Bowen Hou
Dali Xu
Fangfa Fu
Bing Yang
Na Niu
An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded Systems
Micromachines
network-on-chip
adaptive core distribution optimization
core-level redundancy
topology reconfiguration
title An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded Systems
title_full An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded Systems
title_fullStr An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded Systems
title_full_unstemmed An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded Systems
title_short An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded Systems
title_sort optimized core distribution adaptive topology reconfiguration algorithm for noc based embedded systems
topic network-on-chip
adaptive core distribution optimization
core-level redundancy
topology reconfiguration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/421
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