Maximizing Energy Efficiency in IRS-Assisted Phase Cooperative PS-SWIPT-Based Self-Sustainable IoT Network
Power splitting based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (PS-SWIPT) appears to be a promising solution to support future self-sustainable Internet of Things (SS-IoT) networks. However, the performance of these networks is constrained by radio frequency signal strength and channel i...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11004027/ |
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| author | Haleema Sadia Ahmad Kamal Hassan Ziaul Haq Abbas Ghulam Abbas Thar Baker Nasir Saeed |
| author_facet | Haleema Sadia Ahmad Kamal Hassan Ziaul Haq Abbas Ghulam Abbas Thar Baker Nasir Saeed |
| author_sort | Haleema Sadia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Power splitting based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (PS-SWIPT) appears to be a promising solution to support future self-sustainable Internet of Things (SS-IoT) networks. However, the performance of these networks is constrained by radio frequency signal strength and channel impairments. To overcome this challenge, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have recently been introduced in IoT networks to improve network efficiency by controlling signal reflections. In this article, we propose a novel IRS-enabled phase cooperative framework that aims to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of the PS-SWIPT based SS-IoT network. Our framework leverages the idea of phase cooperation between two distinct networks without requiring additional hardware resources. We employed transmit beamforming (BF) at access points (APs) and phase shift optimization at the IRS with effective phase cooperation between APs. The EE maximization problem turns out to be NP-hard, so first, an alternating optimization (AO) is solved for the user’s network using heuristic BF approaches and phase optimization via semidefinite relaxation (SDR) approaches. To combat the computational complexity of AO, we also propose a low-complexity alternative solution by exploiting heuristic BF schemes and an iterative algorithm, i.e., the element-wise block-coordinate descent method for phase shifts optimization. The proposed solutions’ analysis shows low computational complexity and fast convergence, achieving near-optimal EE performance for different network settings. We conducted extensive simulations to evaluate our proposed framework’s performance and unveiled significant EE performance achieved by the IoT network consistent with the numerical findings. This work demonstrates the potential of IRS phase cooperation for enhancing the EE of different networks without constraining hardware resources. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6b22835de594399a98a0d6c5d226697 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2644-125X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6b22835de594399a98a0d6c5d2266972025-08-20T03:47:33ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society2644-125X2025-01-0164311432710.1109/OJCOMS.2025.357009411004027Maximizing Energy Efficiency in IRS-Assisted Phase Cooperative PS-SWIPT-Based Self-Sustainable IoT NetworkHaleema Sadia0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-2348Ahmad Kamal Hassan1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-6853Ziaul Haq Abbas2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-0089Ghulam Abbas3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-1373Thar Baker4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-4873Nasir Saeed5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-5139Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Topi, PakistanFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Topi, PakistanFaculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Topi, PakistanSchool of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Brighton, U.K.Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAEPower splitting based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (PS-SWIPT) appears to be a promising solution to support future self-sustainable Internet of Things (SS-IoT) networks. However, the performance of these networks is constrained by radio frequency signal strength and channel impairments. To overcome this challenge, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have recently been introduced in IoT networks to improve network efficiency by controlling signal reflections. In this article, we propose a novel IRS-enabled phase cooperative framework that aims to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of the PS-SWIPT based SS-IoT network. Our framework leverages the idea of phase cooperation between two distinct networks without requiring additional hardware resources. We employed transmit beamforming (BF) at access points (APs) and phase shift optimization at the IRS with effective phase cooperation between APs. The EE maximization problem turns out to be NP-hard, so first, an alternating optimization (AO) is solved for the user’s network using heuristic BF approaches and phase optimization via semidefinite relaxation (SDR) approaches. To combat the computational complexity of AO, we also propose a low-complexity alternative solution by exploiting heuristic BF schemes and an iterative algorithm, i.e., the element-wise block-coordinate descent method for phase shifts optimization. The proposed solutions’ analysis shows low computational complexity and fast convergence, achieving near-optimal EE performance for different network settings. We conducted extensive simulations to evaluate our proposed framework’s performance and unveiled significant EE performance achieved by the IoT network consistent with the numerical findings. This work demonstrates the potential of IRS phase cooperation for enhancing the EE of different networks without constraining hardware resources.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11004027/Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)SWIPTpower splittingInternet of Things (IoT)beamformingenergy efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Haleema Sadia Ahmad Kamal Hassan Ziaul Haq Abbas Ghulam Abbas Thar Baker Nasir Saeed Maximizing Energy Efficiency in IRS-Assisted Phase Cooperative PS-SWIPT-Based Self-Sustainable IoT Network IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) SWIPT power splitting Internet of Things (IoT) beamforming energy efficiency |
| title | Maximizing Energy Efficiency in IRS-Assisted Phase Cooperative PS-SWIPT-Based Self-Sustainable IoT Network |
| title_full | Maximizing Energy Efficiency in IRS-Assisted Phase Cooperative PS-SWIPT-Based Self-Sustainable IoT Network |
| title_fullStr | Maximizing Energy Efficiency in IRS-Assisted Phase Cooperative PS-SWIPT-Based Self-Sustainable IoT Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maximizing Energy Efficiency in IRS-Assisted Phase Cooperative PS-SWIPT-Based Self-Sustainable IoT Network |
| title_short | Maximizing Energy Efficiency in IRS-Assisted Phase Cooperative PS-SWIPT-Based Self-Sustainable IoT Network |
| title_sort | maximizing energy efficiency in irs assisted phase cooperative ps swipt based self sustainable iot network |
| topic | Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) SWIPT power splitting Internet of Things (IoT) beamforming energy efficiency |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11004027/ |
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