Exploring DNA degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomics

Abstract Understanding the environmental and microbial processes involved in DNA degradation from archaeological remains is a fundamental part of managing bone specimens. We investigated the state of DNA preservation in 33 archaeozoological caribou (Rangifer tarandus) ribs excavated from the same ex...

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Main Authors: Anne Marie Høier Eriksen, Juan Antonio Rodríguez, Frederik Seersholm, Hege Ingjerd Hollund, Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen, Matthew James Collins, Bjarne Grønnow, Mikkel Winther Pedersen, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Henning Matthiesen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07616-9
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author Anne Marie Høier Eriksen
Juan Antonio Rodríguez
Frederik Seersholm
Hege Ingjerd Hollund
Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen
Matthew James Collins
Bjarne Grønnow
Mikkel Winther Pedersen
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
Henning Matthiesen
author_facet Anne Marie Høier Eriksen
Juan Antonio Rodríguez
Frederik Seersholm
Hege Ingjerd Hollund
Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen
Matthew James Collins
Bjarne Grønnow
Mikkel Winther Pedersen
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
Henning Matthiesen
author_sort Anne Marie Høier Eriksen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Understanding the environmental and microbial processes involved in DNA degradation from archaeological remains is a fundamental part of managing bone specimens. We investigated the state of DNA preservation in 33 archaeozoological caribou (Rangifer tarandus) ribs excavated from the same excavation trench at a former Inuit hunting camp in West Greenland, separated by 43 years: 1978 and 2021. Our findings show that DNA is better preserved in the most recently excavated samples, indicating a detrimental effect of museum storage on DNA integrity. Additionally, our data reveals a diverse microbiome in these bones, encoding genes relevant for bone degradation, such as enzymatic families relating to collagenases, peptidases and glycosidases. Microbes associated with bone degradation were present in both new and historical samples, with museum-stored bones showing significantly more DNA damage. Overall, our research sheds light on the nuanced dynamics governing the preservation of genomic material in archaeological contexts, underscoring the vital importance of careful considerations in museum curation practices for the sustainable conservation of invaluable skeletal records in museum repositories and in situ.
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spelling doaj-art-e6b225f60e364f53b6944a18e494b1452025-08-20T02:48:27ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-02-018111410.1038/s42003-025-07616-9Exploring DNA degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomicsAnne Marie Høier Eriksen0Juan Antonio Rodríguez1Frederik Seersholm2Hege Ingjerd Hollund3Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen4Matthew James Collins5Bjarne Grønnow6Mikkel Winther Pedersen7M. Thomas P. Gilbert8Henning Matthiesen9Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, 2800 KgsCenter for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of CopenhagenSection for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of CopenhagenArkeologisk Museum, University of StavangerSection for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of CopenhagenSection for GeoBiology, Globe Institute, University of CopenhagenModern History and World Cultures, National Museum of DenmarkSection for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of CopenhagenCenter for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of CopenhagenEnvironmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, 2800 KgsAbstract Understanding the environmental and microbial processes involved in DNA degradation from archaeological remains is a fundamental part of managing bone specimens. We investigated the state of DNA preservation in 33 archaeozoological caribou (Rangifer tarandus) ribs excavated from the same excavation trench at a former Inuit hunting camp in West Greenland, separated by 43 years: 1978 and 2021. Our findings show that DNA is better preserved in the most recently excavated samples, indicating a detrimental effect of museum storage on DNA integrity. Additionally, our data reveals a diverse microbiome in these bones, encoding genes relevant for bone degradation, such as enzymatic families relating to collagenases, peptidases and glycosidases. Microbes associated with bone degradation were present in both new and historical samples, with museum-stored bones showing significantly more DNA damage. Overall, our research sheds light on the nuanced dynamics governing the preservation of genomic material in archaeological contexts, underscoring the vital importance of careful considerations in museum curation practices for the sustainable conservation of invaluable skeletal records in museum repositories and in situ.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07616-9
spellingShingle Anne Marie Høier Eriksen
Juan Antonio Rodríguez
Frederik Seersholm
Hege Ingjerd Hollund
Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen
Matthew James Collins
Bjarne Grønnow
Mikkel Winther Pedersen
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
Henning Matthiesen
Exploring DNA degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomics
Communications Biology
title Exploring DNA degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomics
title_full Exploring DNA degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomics
title_fullStr Exploring DNA degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomics
title_full_unstemmed Exploring DNA degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomics
title_short Exploring DNA degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomics
title_sort exploring dna degradation in situ and in museum storage through genomics and metagenomics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07616-9
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