Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Diversity in the Highly Dispersive Moss <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i> Hedw.
<i>Funaria hygrometrica</i>, a cosmopolitan moss species known for its remarkable dispersal capacity, was selected as the focal organism to investigate the relationship between landscape features and genetic diversity. Our study encompassed samples collected from two distinct regions: th...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Mahmoud Magdy Olaf Werner Jairo Patiño Rosa María Ros |
| author_facet | Mahmoud Magdy Olaf Werner Jairo Patiño Rosa María Ros |
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| description | <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i>, a cosmopolitan moss species known for its remarkable dispersal capacity, was selected as the focal organism to investigate the relationship between landscape features and genetic diversity. Our study encompassed samples collected from two distinct regions: the Spanish Sierra Nevada Mountains (SN), characterized by a diverse landscape with an altitudinal difference of nearly 3500 m within a short distance, and the Murcia Region (MU) in Southeast Spain, characterized by a uniform landscape akin to the lowlands of Sierra Nevada. Genotyping analysis targeted three genetic regions: the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), the chloroplast <i>rps</i>3-<i>rpl</i>16 region, and the mitochondrial <i>rpl</i>5-<i>rpl</i>16 spacer. Through this analysis, we aimed to assess genetic variability and population structure across these environmentally contrasting regions. The Sierra Nevada populations exhibited significantly higher haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.78 in the highlands and 0.67 overall) and nucleotide diversity (π% = 0.51 for ITS1) compared to the Murcia populations (Hd = 0.35, π% = 0.14). Further investigation unveiled that samples from the lowlands of Sierra Nevada showed a closer genetic affinity to Murcia than to the highlands of Sierra Nevada. Furthermore, the genetic differentiation between highland and lowland populations was significant (<i>Φ</i><sub>ST</sub> = 0.55), with partial Mantel tests and ResistanceGA analysis revealing a strong correlation between ITS1-based genetic diversity and landscape features, including altitude and bioclimatic variables. Our study elucidated potential explanations for the observed genetic structuring within <i>F. hygrometrica</i> samples’ populations. These included factors such as a high selfing rate within restricted habitats, a limited average dispersal distance of spores, hybrid depression affecting partially incompatible genetic lineages, and recent migration facilitated via human activities into formerly unoccupied areas of the dry zones of Southeast Spain. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e6a91c27628f449fa464cb3e7d42eb272025-08-20T01:47:37ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-10-011319278510.3390/plants13192785Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Diversity in the Highly Dispersive Moss <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i> Hedw.Mahmoud Magdy0Olaf Werner1Jairo Patiño2Rosa María Ros3Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, Murcia University, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, Murcia University, 30100 Murcia, SpainIsland Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 Tenerife, SpainDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, Murcia University, 30100 Murcia, Spain<i>Funaria hygrometrica</i>, a cosmopolitan moss species known for its remarkable dispersal capacity, was selected as the focal organism to investigate the relationship between landscape features and genetic diversity. Our study encompassed samples collected from two distinct regions: the Spanish Sierra Nevada Mountains (SN), characterized by a diverse landscape with an altitudinal difference of nearly 3500 m within a short distance, and the Murcia Region (MU) in Southeast Spain, characterized by a uniform landscape akin to the lowlands of Sierra Nevada. Genotyping analysis targeted three genetic regions: the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), the chloroplast <i>rps</i>3-<i>rpl</i>16 region, and the mitochondrial <i>rpl</i>5-<i>rpl</i>16 spacer. Through this analysis, we aimed to assess genetic variability and population structure across these environmentally contrasting regions. The Sierra Nevada populations exhibited significantly higher haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.78 in the highlands and 0.67 overall) and nucleotide diversity (π% = 0.51 for ITS1) compared to the Murcia populations (Hd = 0.35, π% = 0.14). Further investigation unveiled that samples from the lowlands of Sierra Nevada showed a closer genetic affinity to Murcia than to the highlands of Sierra Nevada. Furthermore, the genetic differentiation between highland and lowland populations was significant (<i>Φ</i><sub>ST</sub> = 0.55), with partial Mantel tests and ResistanceGA analysis revealing a strong correlation between ITS1-based genetic diversity and landscape features, including altitude and bioclimatic variables. Our study elucidated potential explanations for the observed genetic structuring within <i>F. hygrometrica</i> samples’ populations. These included factors such as a high selfing rate within restricted habitats, a limited average dispersal distance of spores, hybrid depression affecting partially incompatible genetic lineages, and recent migration facilitated via human activities into formerly unoccupied areas of the dry zones of Southeast Spain.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/19/2785altitudinal gradientcp <i>rps</i>3-<i>rpl</i>16 spacercosmopolitan bryophytesrire moss populationnrITS sequencehaplotype diversity |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud Magdy Olaf Werner Jairo Patiño Rosa María Ros Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Diversity in the Highly Dispersive Moss <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i> Hedw. Plants altitudinal gradient cp <i>rps</i>3-<i>rpl</i>16 spacer cosmopolitan bryophytes rire moss population nrITS sequence haplotype diversity |
| title | Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Diversity in the Highly Dispersive Moss <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i> Hedw. |
| title_full | Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Diversity in the Highly Dispersive Moss <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i> Hedw. |
| title_fullStr | Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Diversity in the Highly Dispersive Moss <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i> Hedw. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Diversity in the Highly Dispersive Moss <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i> Hedw. |
| title_short | Landscape Heterogeneity Drives Genetic Diversity in the Highly Dispersive Moss <i>Funaria hygrometrica</i> Hedw. |
| title_sort | landscape heterogeneity drives genetic diversity in the highly dispersive moss i funaria hygrometrica i hedw |
| topic | altitudinal gradient cp <i>rps</i>3-<i>rpl</i>16 spacer cosmopolitan bryophytes rire moss population nrITS sequence haplotype diversity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/19/2785 |
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