The history of Neurospora crassa in fermented foods

Abstract The global food industry faces twin challenges: reducing environmental impact while feeding a growing population. Filamentous fungi offer promising, sustainable alternatives to animal-derived proteins. While Fusarium venenatum is well known due to its use by the UK alternative meat company...

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Main Authors: Paul Shapiro, William Cumbelich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Food
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00547-8
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author Paul Shapiro
William Cumbelich
author_facet Paul Shapiro
William Cumbelich
author_sort Paul Shapiro
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The global food industry faces twin challenges: reducing environmental impact while feeding a growing population. Filamentous fungi offer promising, sustainable alternatives to animal-derived proteins. While Fusarium venenatum is well known due to its use by the UK alternative meat company Quorn (Marlow Foods), other fungi such as Neurospora crassa are now gaining attention. Recently granted “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) status in the United States and approved as a safe novel food in Singapore, N. crassa is being utilized by startups aiming to expand its role as a high-protein, high-fiber food ingredient. However, N. crassa is not new to the human diet. It has long played a central role in traditional fermented foods across Asia and Africa, including Indonesian oncom, Chinese fermented okara, HongJun tofu, and cassava-based products in sub-Saharan Africa. This review explores the historical uses and cultural significance of N. crassa in these traditional foods and examines the scientific evidence supporting its nutritional profile and safety. In addition to its traditional uses, the paper also discusses N. crassa’s modern applications in microbial protein production and animal feed. By bridging ancient fermentation practices with 21st-century innovation, N. crassa represents a compelling example of how overlooked food microbes can contribute to global food security and sustainability.
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spelling doaj-art-e6a567ec37664a3c96e3421976bfaa3b2025-08-20T03:46:00ZengSpringerDiscover Food2731-42862025-07-015111410.1007/s44187-025-00547-8The history of Neurospora crassa in fermented foodsPaul Shapiro0William Cumbelich1The Better Meat Co.The Better Meat Co.Abstract The global food industry faces twin challenges: reducing environmental impact while feeding a growing population. Filamentous fungi offer promising, sustainable alternatives to animal-derived proteins. While Fusarium venenatum is well known due to its use by the UK alternative meat company Quorn (Marlow Foods), other fungi such as Neurospora crassa are now gaining attention. Recently granted “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) status in the United States and approved as a safe novel food in Singapore, N. crassa is being utilized by startups aiming to expand its role as a high-protein, high-fiber food ingredient. However, N. crassa is not new to the human diet. It has long played a central role in traditional fermented foods across Asia and Africa, including Indonesian oncom, Chinese fermented okara, HongJun tofu, and cassava-based products in sub-Saharan Africa. This review explores the historical uses and cultural significance of N. crassa in these traditional foods and examines the scientific evidence supporting its nutritional profile and safety. In addition to its traditional uses, the paper also discusses N. crassa’s modern applications in microbial protein production and animal feed. By bridging ancient fermentation practices with 21st-century innovation, N. crassa represents a compelling example of how overlooked food microbes can contribute to global food security and sustainability.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00547-8Neurospora crassaAlternative proteinFermentationOncomOkaraHongJun tofu
spellingShingle Paul Shapiro
William Cumbelich
The history of Neurospora crassa in fermented foods
Discover Food
Neurospora crassa
Alternative protein
Fermentation
Oncom
Okara
HongJun tofu
title The history of Neurospora crassa in fermented foods
title_full The history of Neurospora crassa in fermented foods
title_fullStr The history of Neurospora crassa in fermented foods
title_full_unstemmed The history of Neurospora crassa in fermented foods
title_short The history of Neurospora crassa in fermented foods
title_sort history of neurospora crassa in fermented foods
topic Neurospora crassa
Alternative protein
Fermentation
Oncom
Okara
HongJun tofu
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00547-8
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