Oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter case-control study in Iran

Abstract The current study aimed to assess the independent effect of a high Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score on the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) overall and its subsites. Also, we tested for the interaction effect of smoking tobacco and opium with the DMFT sco...

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Main Authors: Hamideh Rashidian, Elham Mohebbi, Maryam Hadji, Mahin Gholipour, Monireh Sadat Seyedsalehi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Paolo Boffetta, Sepideh Mokhtari, Kazem Zendehdel
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13570-7
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author Hamideh Rashidian
Elham Mohebbi
Maryam Hadji
Mahin Gholipour
Monireh Sadat Seyedsalehi
Ali Akbar Haghdoost
Paolo Boffetta
Sepideh Mokhtari
Kazem Zendehdel
author_facet Hamideh Rashidian
Elham Mohebbi
Maryam Hadji
Mahin Gholipour
Monireh Sadat Seyedsalehi
Ali Akbar Haghdoost
Paolo Boffetta
Sepideh Mokhtari
Kazem Zendehdel
author_sort Hamideh Rashidian
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The current study aimed to assess the independent effect of a high Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score on the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) overall and its subsites. Also, we tested for the interaction effect of smoking tobacco and opium with the DMFT score on the risk of developing HNSCC. We included 899 pathologically confirmed cases of HNSCC and 3477 healthy visitor controls. We used multivariable unconditional logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for study centers, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and alcohol, cigarettes, water pipes, and opium use. We found an OR of 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6, 2.5) between DMFT scores higher than 17 and the risk of HNSCC. This was higher for laryngeal (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.5, 5.2) than lip oral cavity (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.0) cancers. We found a positive association between Decayed and Missing teeth, however, it was reversed for the number of Filled teeth. The association for those who had higher DMFT score was significantly higher (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.7, 3.0) among smokers than non-smokers (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: (1.2, 2.3). A higher DMFT score was associated with an increased risk of HNSCC, with an interaction between DMFT score and smoking.
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spelling doaj-art-e6a17e9717284fd0aa0fcffd893ffd012025-08-20T03:45:52ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-011511910.1038/s41598-025-13570-7Oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter case-control study in IranHamideh Rashidian0Elham Mohebbi1Maryam Hadji2Mahin Gholipour3Monireh Sadat Seyedsalehi4Ali Akbar Haghdoost5Paolo Boffetta6Sepideh Mokhtari7Kazem Zendehdel8Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesLombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown UniversityHealth unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere UniversityMetabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical SciencesCancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesResearch Centre for Modelling in Health, Institute for Future Studies in Health, Regional Knowledge HUB for HIV/AIDS Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical SciencesStony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesCancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract The current study aimed to assess the independent effect of a high Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score on the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) overall and its subsites. Also, we tested for the interaction effect of smoking tobacco and opium with the DMFT score on the risk of developing HNSCC. We included 899 pathologically confirmed cases of HNSCC and 3477 healthy visitor controls. We used multivariable unconditional logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for study centers, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and alcohol, cigarettes, water pipes, and opium use. We found an OR of 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6, 2.5) between DMFT scores higher than 17 and the risk of HNSCC. This was higher for laryngeal (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.5, 5.2) than lip oral cavity (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.0) cancers. We found a positive association between Decayed and Missing teeth, however, it was reversed for the number of Filled teeth. The association for those who had higher DMFT score was significantly higher (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.7, 3.0) among smokers than non-smokers (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: (1.2, 2.3). A higher DMFT score was associated with an increased risk of HNSCC, with an interaction between DMFT score and smoking.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13570-7HNSCCOral healthOpiumTobacco
spellingShingle Hamideh Rashidian
Elham Mohebbi
Maryam Hadji
Mahin Gholipour
Monireh Sadat Seyedsalehi
Ali Akbar Haghdoost
Paolo Boffetta
Sepideh Mokhtari
Kazem Zendehdel
Oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter case-control study in Iran
Scientific Reports
HNSCC
Oral health
Opium
Tobacco
title Oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter case-control study in Iran
title_full Oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter case-control study in Iran
title_fullStr Oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter case-control study in Iran
title_full_unstemmed Oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter case-control study in Iran
title_short Oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter case-control study in Iran
title_sort oral health and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma a multicenter case control study in iran
topic HNSCC
Oral health
Opium
Tobacco
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13570-7
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