Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobionts
Abstract Background The climate crisis poses a serious threat to octocorals in the Mediterranean Sea as marine heatwaves (MHWs) not only impair coral metabolism but also disrupt the complex symbiosis between the coral host and its microbiome. Since octocorals are the foundation species of the Medite...
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BMC
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Environmental Microbiome |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00765-8 |
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| author | Camille Prioux Christine Ferrier-Pagès Thibaut Lamarca Denis Allemand Romie Tignat-Perrier |
| author_facet | Camille Prioux Christine Ferrier-Pagès Thibaut Lamarca Denis Allemand Romie Tignat-Perrier |
| author_sort | Camille Prioux |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The climate crisis poses a serious threat to octocorals in the Mediterranean Sea as marine heatwaves (MHWs) not only impair coral metabolism but also disrupt the complex symbiosis between the coral host and its microbiome. Since octocorals are the foundation species of the Mediterranean animal forests, understanding their resilience, i.e. ability to recover and survive to MHWs, is crucial to predict their viability under future climatic conditions. Using amplification of 16 S and 18 S rRNA genes for metabarcoding and qPCR analyses to follow the changes in bacterial microbiome and eukaryome as well as host response under stress and recovery conditions, this study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the resilience of an iconic Mediterranean octocoral (the red coral Corallium rubrum) to a mild (19 °C) and more severe (23 °C) heat stress. Results The results of this work indicate a stress response of the host to elevated temperatures, even under mild temperature. The eukaryome was highly sensitive to heat stress and underwent rapid structural changes among the dominant microeukaryotes. In contrast, the relative and absolute abundance of the major bacterial symbionts remained stable throughout the stress. However, heat stress led to a significant increase in the abundance of some taxa such as Vibrionaceae that persisted after a week of recovery. Conclusions While the host recovered from the stress, and the microbiome largely returned to its original composition during recovery, the results highlight the persistent presence of some taxa that might compromise the short-term resilience of octocoral holobionts. This study provides new information on how octocoral holobionts respond to MHWs in the Mediterranean Sea. This knowledge is crucial for the development of effective, science-based strategies for coral protection and restauration. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e68fe5f380d6402898fdaa48872d495e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2524-6372 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Microbiome |
| spelling | doaj-art-e68fe5f380d6402898fdaa48872d495e2025-08-24T11:51:14ZengBMCEnvironmental Microbiome2524-63722025-08-0120111910.1186/s40793-025-00765-8Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobiontsCamille Prioux0Christine Ferrier-Pagès1Thibaut Lamarca2Denis Allemand3Romie Tignat-Perrier4Sorbonne Université, Collège DoctoralCentre Scientifique de MonacoUnité de Recherche sur la Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM - CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de MonacoCentre Scientifique de MonacoUnité de Recherche sur la Biologie des Coraux Précieux CSM - CHANEL, Centre Scientifique de MonacoAbstract Background The climate crisis poses a serious threat to octocorals in the Mediterranean Sea as marine heatwaves (MHWs) not only impair coral metabolism but also disrupt the complex symbiosis between the coral host and its microbiome. Since octocorals are the foundation species of the Mediterranean animal forests, understanding their resilience, i.e. ability to recover and survive to MHWs, is crucial to predict their viability under future climatic conditions. Using amplification of 16 S and 18 S rRNA genes for metabarcoding and qPCR analyses to follow the changes in bacterial microbiome and eukaryome as well as host response under stress and recovery conditions, this study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the resilience of an iconic Mediterranean octocoral (the red coral Corallium rubrum) to a mild (19 °C) and more severe (23 °C) heat stress. Results The results of this work indicate a stress response of the host to elevated temperatures, even under mild temperature. The eukaryome was highly sensitive to heat stress and underwent rapid structural changes among the dominant microeukaryotes. In contrast, the relative and absolute abundance of the major bacterial symbionts remained stable throughout the stress. However, heat stress led to a significant increase in the abundance of some taxa such as Vibrionaceae that persisted after a week of recovery. Conclusions While the host recovered from the stress, and the microbiome largely returned to its original composition during recovery, the results highlight the persistent presence of some taxa that might compromise the short-term resilience of octocoral holobionts. This study provides new information on how octocoral holobionts respond to MHWs in the Mediterranean Sea. This knowledge is crucial for the development of effective, science-based strategies for coral protection and restauration.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00765-8Microbial communitiesClimate changeMetabarcodingMass mortality eventsResilienceOctocorals |
| spellingShingle | Camille Prioux Christine Ferrier-Pagès Thibaut Lamarca Denis Allemand Romie Tignat-Perrier Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobionts Environmental Microbiome Microbial communities Climate change Metabarcoding Mass mortality events Resilience Octocorals |
| title | Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobionts |
| title_full | Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobionts |
| title_fullStr | Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobionts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobionts |
| title_short | Heatwave-driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of Mediterranean coral holobionts |
| title_sort | heatwave driven persistent microbes threaten the resilience of mediterranean coral holobionts |
| topic | Microbial communities Climate change Metabarcoding Mass mortality events Resilience Octocorals |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00765-8 |
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