Floristic Diversity and Distribution Pattern along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Central Andes: A Case Study of Cajatambo, Peru

Introduction: This study focuses on the central mountain region of the Peruvian Andes, particularly its western slopes, high-altitude areas, and inter-Andean valleys situated above 3000 m.a.s.l. Despite its ecological importance, the region remains understudied, resulting in significant information...

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Main Authors: Yakov Quinteros-Gómez, Jehoshua Macedo-Bedoya, Victor Santos-Linares, Franco Angeles-Alvarez, Doris Gómez-Ticerán, José Campos-De la Cruz, Julio Solis Sarmiento, Abel Salinas-Inga, Zinnia Valencia-Saavedra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3328
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author Yakov Quinteros-Gómez
Jehoshua Macedo-Bedoya
Victor Santos-Linares
Franco Angeles-Alvarez
Doris Gómez-Ticerán
José Campos-De la Cruz
Julio Solis Sarmiento
Abel Salinas-Inga
Zinnia Valencia-Saavedra
author_facet Yakov Quinteros-Gómez
Jehoshua Macedo-Bedoya
Victor Santos-Linares
Franco Angeles-Alvarez
Doris Gómez-Ticerán
José Campos-De la Cruz
Julio Solis Sarmiento
Abel Salinas-Inga
Zinnia Valencia-Saavedra
author_sort Yakov Quinteros-Gómez
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: This study focuses on the central mountain region of the Peruvian Andes, particularly its western slopes, high-altitude areas, and inter-Andean valleys situated above 3000 m.a.s.l. Despite its ecological importance, the region remains understudied, resulting in significant information gaps. Objective: To identify flora species along an altitudinal gradient in the Cajatambo district. Methods: Sampling was carried out at five distinct altitudinal levels using a combination of sampling techniques. Taxonomic identification was performed, and statistical analyses including ANOVA, the Mantel test, and NMDS were applied. Results: 424 plant species were identified, revealing the dominance of Asteraceae. The approach used allowed for the identification of floristic and structural patterns in various habitats, ranging from arid montane scrub to puna grassland. Surprisingly, Asteraceae richness had a significant impact on species diversity, while altitude did not. Additionally, floristic similarity between nearby altitudinal levels was not related to geographical distance. The analysis of ecosystems has shown that certain families are adaptable. Additionally, floristic diversity has been affected by human activity near the district capital. The distribution of medicinal species has been limited due to selective extraction. Conclusions: The shrubland and thorny scrub was the most diverse ecosystem and had the widest distribution across the altitudinal gradient.
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spelling doaj-art-e68de7355aaf480e8a3a182865ae18ce2025-08-20T01:55:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-11-011323332810.3390/plants13233328Floristic Diversity and Distribution Pattern along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Central Andes: A Case Study of Cajatambo, PeruYakov Quinteros-Gómez0Jehoshua Macedo-Bedoya1Victor Santos-Linares2Franco Angeles-Alvarez3Doris Gómez-Ticerán4José Campos-De la Cruz5Julio Solis Sarmiento6Abel Salinas-Inga7Zinnia Valencia-Saavedra8Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Análisis de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruLaboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Análisis de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruLaboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Análisis de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruLaboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Análisis de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruFacultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruHerbario San Marcos, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruLaboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Análisis de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruLaboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Análisis de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima 15081, PeruIntroduction: This study focuses on the central mountain region of the Peruvian Andes, particularly its western slopes, high-altitude areas, and inter-Andean valleys situated above 3000 m.a.s.l. Despite its ecological importance, the region remains understudied, resulting in significant information gaps. Objective: To identify flora species along an altitudinal gradient in the Cajatambo district. Methods: Sampling was carried out at five distinct altitudinal levels using a combination of sampling techniques. Taxonomic identification was performed, and statistical analyses including ANOVA, the Mantel test, and NMDS were applied. Results: 424 plant species were identified, revealing the dominance of Asteraceae. The approach used allowed for the identification of floristic and structural patterns in various habitats, ranging from arid montane scrub to puna grassland. Surprisingly, Asteraceae richness had a significant impact on species diversity, while altitude did not. Additionally, floristic similarity between nearby altitudinal levels was not related to geographical distance. The analysis of ecosystems has shown that certain families are adaptable. Additionally, floristic diversity has been affected by human activity near the district capital. The distribution of medicinal species has been limited due to selective extraction. Conclusions: The shrubland and thorny scrub was the most diverse ecosystem and had the widest distribution across the altitudinal gradient.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3328Andean forestAsteraceaeendangered florashrublandvegetation
spellingShingle Yakov Quinteros-Gómez
Jehoshua Macedo-Bedoya
Victor Santos-Linares
Franco Angeles-Alvarez
Doris Gómez-Ticerán
José Campos-De la Cruz
Julio Solis Sarmiento
Abel Salinas-Inga
Zinnia Valencia-Saavedra
Floristic Diversity and Distribution Pattern along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Central Andes: A Case Study of Cajatambo, Peru
Plants
Andean forest
Asteraceae
endangered flora
shrubland
vegetation
title Floristic Diversity and Distribution Pattern along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Central Andes: A Case Study of Cajatambo, Peru
title_full Floristic Diversity and Distribution Pattern along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Central Andes: A Case Study of Cajatambo, Peru
title_fullStr Floristic Diversity and Distribution Pattern along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Central Andes: A Case Study of Cajatambo, Peru
title_full_unstemmed Floristic Diversity and Distribution Pattern along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Central Andes: A Case Study of Cajatambo, Peru
title_short Floristic Diversity and Distribution Pattern along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Central Andes: A Case Study of Cajatambo, Peru
title_sort floristic diversity and distribution pattern along an altitudinal gradient in the central andes a case study of cajatambo peru
topic Andean forest
Asteraceae
endangered flora
shrubland
vegetation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3328
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