Association of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during mid-gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity: a South Indian study
Aim: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the loss of two or more clinical pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation. Globally, RPL affects 1–5% of couples, with approximately 50% of cases remaining idiopathic. This study aimed to assess the circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and...
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Open Exploration Publishing Inc.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Exploration of Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A1003209/1003209.pdf |
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| author | Sufaya Jameel Rashmi Bhuwalka Parveen Jahan |
| author_facet | Sufaya Jameel Rashmi Bhuwalka Parveen Jahan |
| author_sort | Sufaya Jameel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the loss of two or more clinical pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation. Globally, RPL affects 1–5% of couples, with approximately 50% of cases remaining idiopathic. This study aimed to assess the circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 cytokines in pregnant women with and without a history of RPL. Methods: A total of 170 pregnant women in their second trimester with and without a history of RPL were enrolled from Niloufer Hospital, South India. Serum samples isolated from blood were analyzed using a sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to estimate IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Results: The median age was significantly higher in the RPL group (25 years) compared to the non-RPL (NRPL) group (22 years) (p = 0.0001). Similarly, body mass index (BMI) was significantly elevated in the RPL group (25.64 kg/m2) vs. the NRPL group (22.51 kg/m2) (p = 0.0001). The analysis revealed significantly elevated IL-6 and reduced IL-10 levels in the RPL group compared to the NRPL group (p = 0.0001). Additionally, the IL-6/IL-10 ratio differed significantly between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that IL-6 was a better marker for RPL than IL-6/IL-10 ratio and IL-10. IL-10 levels were found to be a reliable marker in relation to the extent of pregnancy loss history. Conclusions: The study highlights the presence of a pro-inflammatory systemic milieu in mid-gestation among women with a history of RPL, potentially reflecting the immunological environment at the feto-placental interface. Further research to establish a distinct cytokine signature between RPL and NRPL groups may facilitate the development of targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, the current findings are limited by a modest sample size and a homogenous ethnic population, which may affect generalizability. Larger, multi-ethnic studies are warranted to validate these observations and enhance clinical applicability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e67479241e0f46c781c07ee41e58a635 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2768-6655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Open Exploration Publishing Inc. |
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| series | Exploration of Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e67479241e0f46c781c07ee41e58a6352025-08-22T08:08:16ZengOpen Exploration Publishing Inc.Exploration of Immunology2768-66552025-08-015100320910.37349/ei.2025.1003209Association of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during mid-gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity: a South Indian studySufaya Jameel0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-2857Rashmi Bhuwalka1https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5220-0643Parveen Jahan2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3203-1816Department of Zoology, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Gachibowli 500032, Telangana, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Gachibowli 500032, Telangana, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Gachibowli 500032, Telangana, IndiaAim: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the loss of two or more clinical pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation. Globally, RPL affects 1–5% of couples, with approximately 50% of cases remaining idiopathic. This study aimed to assess the circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 cytokines in pregnant women with and without a history of RPL. Methods: A total of 170 pregnant women in their second trimester with and without a history of RPL were enrolled from Niloufer Hospital, South India. Serum samples isolated from blood were analyzed using a sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to estimate IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Results: The median age was significantly higher in the RPL group (25 years) compared to the non-RPL (NRPL) group (22 years) (p = 0.0001). Similarly, body mass index (BMI) was significantly elevated in the RPL group (25.64 kg/m2) vs. the NRPL group (22.51 kg/m2) (p = 0.0001). The analysis revealed significantly elevated IL-6 and reduced IL-10 levels in the RPL group compared to the NRPL group (p = 0.0001). Additionally, the IL-6/IL-10 ratio differed significantly between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that IL-6 was a better marker for RPL than IL-6/IL-10 ratio and IL-10. IL-10 levels were found to be a reliable marker in relation to the extent of pregnancy loss history. Conclusions: The study highlights the presence of a pro-inflammatory systemic milieu in mid-gestation among women with a history of RPL, potentially reflecting the immunological environment at the feto-placental interface. Further research to establish a distinct cytokine signature between RPL and NRPL groups may facilitate the development of targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, the current findings are limited by a modest sample size and a homogenous ethnic population, which may affect generalizability. Larger, multi-ethnic studies are warranted to validate these observations and enhance clinical applicability.https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A1003209/1003209.pdfrecurrent pregnancy loss (rpl)non-rpl (nrpl)interleukin-6 (il-6)il-10receiver operating characteristic (roc) |
| spellingShingle | Sufaya Jameel Rashmi Bhuwalka Parveen Jahan Association of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during mid-gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity: a South Indian study Exploration of Immunology recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) non-rpl (nrpl) interleukin-6 (il-6) il-10 receiver operating characteristic (roc) |
| title | Association of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during mid-gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity: a South Indian study |
| title_full | Association of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during mid-gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity: a South Indian study |
| title_fullStr | Association of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during mid-gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity: a South Indian study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during mid-gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity: a South Indian study |
| title_short | Association of circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels during mid-gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity: a South Indian study |
| title_sort | association of circulating il 6 and il 10 levels during mid gestation with recurrent pregnancy loss history and severity a south indian study |
| topic | recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) non-rpl (nrpl) interleukin-6 (il-6) il-10 receiver operating characteristic (roc) |
| url | https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/A1003209/1003209.pdf |
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