Evaluation of Red Yeast Rice Residue as an Alternative Feed Ingredient in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of graded levels of red yeast rice residue (RYRR) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 144 pigs were randomly allocated into four dietary treatment groups, over a 75-day experimental per...

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Main Authors: Zhengqun Liu, Longbo Zhu, Ning Li, Zi Zheng, Chunyan Xie, Shiyue Liang, Jun Yan, Shuqin Mu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/5/495
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author Zhengqun Liu
Longbo Zhu
Ning Li
Zi Zheng
Chunyan Xie
Shiyue Liang
Jun Yan
Shuqin Mu
author_facet Zhengqun Liu
Longbo Zhu
Ning Li
Zi Zheng
Chunyan Xie
Shiyue Liang
Jun Yan
Shuqin Mu
author_sort Zhengqun Liu
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to evaluate the effects of graded levels of red yeast rice residue (RYRR) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 144 pigs were randomly allocated into four dietary treatment groups, over a 75-day experimental period. The study comprised a control group and three dietary supplementation groups receiving RYRR. The control (CON) group was fed a two-phase diet tailored to the pigs’ body weight, while the RYRR groups were provided with the CON diet, where corn, soybean meal, puffed soybeans, and wheat shorts were substituted with 5%, 10%, and 20% of RYRR. Supplementation with 10% RYRR enhanced the apparent digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, and crude fiber, while reducing the feed-to-gain ratio and serum triglyceride levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Microbiological analyses revealed that short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (<i>Anaerotignum</i> and <i>Lachnospiraceae_UCG-009</i>) were biomarkers in pigs fed the RYRR supplementation diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results demonstrated that RYRR supplementation of the diet exerted beneficial effects on promoting nutrient digestibility as well as modulating the fecal microbiota of pigs, and the recommended proportion of RYRR added to the growing-finishing pigs’ diet is 10%.
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spelling doaj-art-e6727c09e0384b80bcc6cded65ace2012025-08-20T02:04:34ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-02-0115549510.3390/agriculture15050495Evaluation of Red Yeast Rice Residue as an Alternative Feed Ingredient in Growing-Finishing Pig DietsZhengqun Liu0Longbo Zhu1Ning Li2Zi Zheng3Chunyan Xie4Shiyue Liang5Jun Yan6Shuqin Mu7Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, ChinaThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of graded levels of red yeast rice residue (RYRR) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 144 pigs were randomly allocated into four dietary treatment groups, over a 75-day experimental period. The study comprised a control group and three dietary supplementation groups receiving RYRR. The control (CON) group was fed a two-phase diet tailored to the pigs’ body weight, while the RYRR groups were provided with the CON diet, where corn, soybean meal, puffed soybeans, and wheat shorts were substituted with 5%, 10%, and 20% of RYRR. Supplementation with 10% RYRR enhanced the apparent digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, and crude fiber, while reducing the feed-to-gain ratio and serum triglyceride levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Microbiological analyses revealed that short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (<i>Anaerotignum</i> and <i>Lachnospiraceae_UCG-009</i>) were biomarkers in pigs fed the RYRR supplementation diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results demonstrated that RYRR supplementation of the diet exerted beneficial effects on promoting nutrient digestibility as well as modulating the fecal microbiota of pigs, and the recommended proportion of RYRR added to the growing-finishing pigs’ diet is 10%.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/5/495red yeast rice residuegrowing-finishing pigsnutrient digestibilityfecal microbiotagrowth performancefeed evaluation
spellingShingle Zhengqun Liu
Longbo Zhu
Ning Li
Zi Zheng
Chunyan Xie
Shiyue Liang
Jun Yan
Shuqin Mu
Evaluation of Red Yeast Rice Residue as an Alternative Feed Ingredient in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets
Agriculture
red yeast rice residue
growing-finishing pigs
nutrient digestibility
fecal microbiota
growth performance
feed evaluation
title Evaluation of Red Yeast Rice Residue as an Alternative Feed Ingredient in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets
title_full Evaluation of Red Yeast Rice Residue as an Alternative Feed Ingredient in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets
title_fullStr Evaluation of Red Yeast Rice Residue as an Alternative Feed Ingredient in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Red Yeast Rice Residue as an Alternative Feed Ingredient in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets
title_short Evaluation of Red Yeast Rice Residue as an Alternative Feed Ingredient in Growing-Finishing Pig Diets
title_sort evaluation of red yeast rice residue as an alternative feed ingredient in growing finishing pig diets
topic red yeast rice residue
growing-finishing pigs
nutrient digestibility
fecal microbiota
growth performance
feed evaluation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/5/495
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