Phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfaces
Abstract This paper presents a novel silicon-based metasurface-coated one-dimensional (1D) slab waveguide. The proposed idea can easily engineer and mold guided waves into any desired free-space mode and provide the wavefront control of optical metasurfaces, such as out-of-plane beam deflection and...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05141-7 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849469970671468544 |
|---|---|
| author | Yasaman Tanhayivash Hadi Soofi Saeid Nikmehr |
| author_facet | Yasaman Tanhayivash Hadi Soofi Saeid Nikmehr |
| author_sort | Yasaman Tanhayivash |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper presents a novel silicon-based metasurface-coated one-dimensional (1D) slab waveguide. The proposed idea can easily engineer and mold guided waves into any desired free-space mode and provide the wavefront control of optical metasurfaces, such as out-of-plane beam deflection and focusing. As an example of application and also in order to prove the functionality of the proposed method, we design such a metalens with a focal length of $$f=7500$$ nm at 1550 nm. The final results show the electric field distribution at different heights above the waveguide with clear focusing which confirms our design concept. Also, intensity distribution at the focal plane exhibits significant improvement in focal spot size for final design with full width at half-maximum of about 893 nm. It can be found that all the analytical features of this metasurface can be fulfilled at arbitrary frequency-band. In addition, we investigate the beam squinting of the proposed structure at different wavelengths around 1550 nm. We found small beam squinting over the bandwidth. Therefore, the methodology of this paper can be used to reduce the beam squinting of metasurfaces. Actually, the desired main-beam squinting of the proposed metasurface could be obtained by engineering the parameters of the silicon-bars instead of changing the working wavelength. Guided wave driven property of this metasurface makes it a good candidate to integrate with on chip components. The design concept of this paper can be easily extended to any other optical applications in communications with full on-chip integration, such as solid-state LiDAR, remote sensing, displays, etc. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e6703c493c244b63879b677d59d3bceb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e6703c493c244b63879b677d59d3bceb2025-08-20T03:25:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-05141-7Phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfacesYasaman Tanhayivash0Hadi Soofi1Saeid Nikmehr2Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of TabrizFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of TabrizFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of TabrizAbstract This paper presents a novel silicon-based metasurface-coated one-dimensional (1D) slab waveguide. The proposed idea can easily engineer and mold guided waves into any desired free-space mode and provide the wavefront control of optical metasurfaces, such as out-of-plane beam deflection and focusing. As an example of application and also in order to prove the functionality of the proposed method, we design such a metalens with a focal length of $$f=7500$$ nm at 1550 nm. The final results show the electric field distribution at different heights above the waveguide with clear focusing which confirms our design concept. Also, intensity distribution at the focal plane exhibits significant improvement in focal spot size for final design with full width at half-maximum of about 893 nm. It can be found that all the analytical features of this metasurface can be fulfilled at arbitrary frequency-band. In addition, we investigate the beam squinting of the proposed structure at different wavelengths around 1550 nm. We found small beam squinting over the bandwidth. Therefore, the methodology of this paper can be used to reduce the beam squinting of metasurfaces. Actually, the desired main-beam squinting of the proposed metasurface could be obtained by engineering the parameters of the silicon-bars instead of changing the working wavelength. Guided wave driven property of this metasurface makes it a good candidate to integrate with on chip components. The design concept of this paper can be easily extended to any other optical applications in communications with full on-chip integration, such as solid-state LiDAR, remote sensing, displays, etc.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05141-7Photonic integrated circuitsMetasurfacesWaveguide-driven metasurfaceOn chip metasurfaceMetalens |
| spellingShingle | Yasaman Tanhayivash Hadi Soofi Saeid Nikmehr Phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfaces Scientific Reports Photonic integrated circuits Metasurfaces Waveguide-driven metasurface On chip metasurface Metalens |
| title | Phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfaces |
| title_full | Phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfaces |
| title_fullStr | Phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfaces |
| title_short | Phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfaces |
| title_sort | phase and amplitude gradient waveguide coupled metasurfaces |
| topic | Photonic integrated circuits Metasurfaces Waveguide-driven metasurface On chip metasurface Metalens |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05141-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yasamantanhayivash phaseandamplitudegradientwaveguidecoupledmetasurfaces AT hadisoofi phaseandamplitudegradientwaveguidecoupledmetasurfaces AT saeidnikmehr phaseandamplitudegradientwaveguidecoupledmetasurfaces |