Influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial bone

Abstract Background Implant placement is a critical step for achieving primary stability. During this process, a compressive force, referred to as an “insertion load,” is applied through a handpiece or manual driver. However, the influence of the insertion load has not been quantitatively investigat...

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Main Authors: Yiwen Wang, Yoko Yamaguchi, Poyuan Hsueh, Daisuke Higuchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:International Journal of Implant Dentistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-025-00644-4
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author Yiwen Wang
Yoko Yamaguchi
Poyuan Hsueh
Daisuke Higuchi
author_facet Yiwen Wang
Yoko Yamaguchi
Poyuan Hsueh
Daisuke Higuchi
author_sort Yiwen Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Implant placement is a critical step for achieving primary stability. During this process, a compressive force, referred to as an “insertion load,” is applied through a handpiece or manual driver. However, the influence of the insertion load has not been quantitatively investigated. Since primary stability is essential for predicting successful osseointegration, clarifying the effects of the insertion load may contribute to improving the safety and success of implant treatment. Methods Straight single-thread implants with pitches of 0.6 mm (S06) and 1.2 mm (S12) and double-thread implants with a 0.6 mm pitch (D06) were used (10 each). Insertion loads of the minimum required load, 5 N, 10 N, and 15 N were applied. Insertion torque values (ITVs), removal torque values (RTVs), and insertion times were measured (p = 0.05). The interface between the implants and the simulated bone was observed with a digital microscope under each load. Results The minimum insertion load was greatest in the order of S12 < S06 < D06. Variation in the insertion load did not affect the ITV or RTV, but lower loads extended the insertion time. Increased insertion loads led to more voids caused by bone fragment loss, especially in the double-thread designs. Conclusions While the insertion load did not directly influence the ITV or RTV, it varied by implant design. Higher loads potentially damage the surrounding bone, indicating the importance of careful load management.
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spelling doaj-art-e6702969258a4d048b98c1bc759f1cae2025-08-24T11:32:00ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of Implant Dentistry2198-40342025-08-0111111110.1186/s40729-025-00644-4Influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial boneYiwen Wang0Yoko Yamaguchi1Poyuan Hsueh2Daisuke Higuchi3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Evaluation of Orofacial Function, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Evaluation of Orofacial Function, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental UniversityTokyo Clinic, Matsumoto Dental UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Evaluation of Orofacial Function, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental UniversityAbstract Background Implant placement is a critical step for achieving primary stability. During this process, a compressive force, referred to as an “insertion load,” is applied through a handpiece or manual driver. However, the influence of the insertion load has not been quantitatively investigated. Since primary stability is essential for predicting successful osseointegration, clarifying the effects of the insertion load may contribute to improving the safety and success of implant treatment. Methods Straight single-thread implants with pitches of 0.6 mm (S06) and 1.2 mm (S12) and double-thread implants with a 0.6 mm pitch (D06) were used (10 each). Insertion loads of the minimum required load, 5 N, 10 N, and 15 N were applied. Insertion torque values (ITVs), removal torque values (RTVs), and insertion times were measured (p = 0.05). The interface between the implants and the simulated bone was observed with a digital microscope under each load. Results The minimum insertion load was greatest in the order of S12 < S06 < D06. Variation in the insertion load did not affect the ITV or RTV, but lower loads extended the insertion time. Increased insertion loads led to more voids caused by bone fragment loss, especially in the double-thread designs. Conclusions While the insertion load did not directly influence the ITV or RTV, it varied by implant design. Higher loads potentially damage the surrounding bone, indicating the importance of careful load management.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-025-00644-4Dental implantPrimary stabilityInsertion torque valueRemoval torque valueInsertion loadArtificial bone
spellingShingle Yiwen Wang
Yoko Yamaguchi
Poyuan Hsueh
Daisuke Higuchi
Influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial bone
International Journal of Implant Dentistry
Dental implant
Primary stability
Insertion torque value
Removal torque value
Insertion load
Artificial bone
title Influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial bone
title_full Influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial bone
title_fullStr Influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial bone
title_full_unstemmed Influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial bone
title_short Influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial bone
title_sort influence of implant macrodesign and insertion load during implant placement on primary stability in artificial bone
topic Dental implant
Primary stability
Insertion torque value
Removal torque value
Insertion load
Artificial bone
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-025-00644-4
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AT yokoyamaguchi influenceofimplantmacrodesignandinsertionloadduringimplantplacementonprimarystabilityinartificialbone
AT poyuanhsueh influenceofimplantmacrodesignandinsertionloadduringimplantplacementonprimarystabilityinartificialbone
AT daisukehiguchi influenceofimplantmacrodesignandinsertionloadduringimplantplacementonprimarystabilityinartificialbone