Remodeling of Embryo Architecture in Response to Vanadium and Increased Temperatures: From Morphometric to Molecular Changes

The study of ecotoxicity induced by vanadium (V) represents an area of increasing interest due to the growing use of V in both the industrial and pharmaceutical areas. This leads to its introduction into water environments, marking a developing problem, especially since rising global temperatures ap...

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Main Authors: Roberto Chiarelli, Chiara Martino, Rosaria Scudiero, Alessio Terenzi, Fabiana Geraci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Xenobiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/1/22
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author Roberto Chiarelli
Chiara Martino
Rosaria Scudiero
Alessio Terenzi
Fabiana Geraci
author_facet Roberto Chiarelli
Chiara Martino
Rosaria Scudiero
Alessio Terenzi
Fabiana Geraci
author_sort Roberto Chiarelli
collection DOAJ
description The study of ecotoxicity induced by vanadium (V) represents an area of increasing interest due to the growing use of V in both the industrial and pharmaceutical areas. This leads to its introduction into water environments, marking a developing problem, especially since rising global temperatures appear to intensify its toxic properties. Cytotoxicological approaches carried out on whole marine embryos represent a valid research tool since they grow directly in contact with the pollutants and are equipped with highly responsive cells to stressors. Here, we discuss the detrimental impact on <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> sea urchin embryos resulting from the combination of V and higher temperatures, reflecting the effects of climate variation. The results demonstrate the remodeling of embryonic architecture at the morphometric level, revealing developmental delays and anomalies. These malformations involve variations in the total skeletal mass due to the almost total absence of the skeleton, with the exception of small calcareous aggregates. Furthermore, both a modulation in total tissue remodeling enzymatic activities and a variation in the amount of three MMP-like gelatinases (MMP-2, -9, and -14) were observed. This research demonstrates that climate change significantly increases the harmful effects of V, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive toxicity assessments in environmental evaluations.
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series Journal of Xenobiotics
spelling doaj-art-e66c61b2d44f49ef8bf09d2808ac7c592025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Xenobiotics2039-47052039-47132025-02-011512210.3390/jox15010022Remodeling of Embryo Architecture in Response to Vanadium and Increased Temperatures: From Morphometric to Molecular ChangesRoberto Chiarelli0Chiara Martino1Rosaria Scudiero2Alessio Terenzi3Fabiana Geraci4Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University Federico II, 80126 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, ItalyThe study of ecotoxicity induced by vanadium (V) represents an area of increasing interest due to the growing use of V in both the industrial and pharmaceutical areas. This leads to its introduction into water environments, marking a developing problem, especially since rising global temperatures appear to intensify its toxic properties. Cytotoxicological approaches carried out on whole marine embryos represent a valid research tool since they grow directly in contact with the pollutants and are equipped with highly responsive cells to stressors. Here, we discuss the detrimental impact on <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i> sea urchin embryos resulting from the combination of V and higher temperatures, reflecting the effects of climate variation. The results demonstrate the remodeling of embryonic architecture at the morphometric level, revealing developmental delays and anomalies. These malformations involve variations in the total skeletal mass due to the almost total absence of the skeleton, with the exception of small calcareous aggregates. Furthermore, both a modulation in total tissue remodeling enzymatic activities and a variation in the amount of three MMP-like gelatinases (MMP-2, -9, and -14) were observed. This research demonstrates that climate change significantly increases the harmful effects of V, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive toxicity assessments in environmental evaluations.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/1/22embryo cytotoxicityskeletongelatinasesmetalloproteinasesglobal warmingclimate change
spellingShingle Roberto Chiarelli
Chiara Martino
Rosaria Scudiero
Alessio Terenzi
Fabiana Geraci
Remodeling of Embryo Architecture in Response to Vanadium and Increased Temperatures: From Morphometric to Molecular Changes
Journal of Xenobiotics
embryo cytotoxicity
skeleton
gelatinases
metalloproteinases
global warming
climate change
title Remodeling of Embryo Architecture in Response to Vanadium and Increased Temperatures: From Morphometric to Molecular Changes
title_full Remodeling of Embryo Architecture in Response to Vanadium and Increased Temperatures: From Morphometric to Molecular Changes
title_fullStr Remodeling of Embryo Architecture in Response to Vanadium and Increased Temperatures: From Morphometric to Molecular Changes
title_full_unstemmed Remodeling of Embryo Architecture in Response to Vanadium and Increased Temperatures: From Morphometric to Molecular Changes
title_short Remodeling of Embryo Architecture in Response to Vanadium and Increased Temperatures: From Morphometric to Molecular Changes
title_sort remodeling of embryo architecture in response to vanadium and increased temperatures from morphometric to molecular changes
topic embryo cytotoxicity
skeleton
gelatinases
metalloproteinases
global warming
climate change
url https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4713/15/1/22
work_keys_str_mv AT robertochiarelli remodelingofembryoarchitectureinresponsetovanadiumandincreasedtemperaturesfrommorphometrictomolecularchanges
AT chiaramartino remodelingofembryoarchitectureinresponsetovanadiumandincreasedtemperaturesfrommorphometrictomolecularchanges
AT rosariascudiero remodelingofembryoarchitectureinresponsetovanadiumandincreasedtemperaturesfrommorphometrictomolecularchanges
AT alessioterenzi remodelingofembryoarchitectureinresponsetovanadiumandincreasedtemperaturesfrommorphometrictomolecularchanges
AT fabianageraci remodelingofembryoarchitectureinresponsetovanadiumandincreasedtemperaturesfrommorphometrictomolecularchanges