Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and, Biological Activity of New Diclofenac Derivatives Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Ring as a Promising Antibacterial Agents
NSAIDs, recently have been shown to exert a wide variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activity. The triazole ring has various pharmacological activities of tetrazole ring, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antioxidant, anticonvulsant,...
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College of Pharmacy University of Baghdad
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://bijps.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/bijps/article/view/2934 |
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| author | Alyaa N. Doohee Noor H. Naser Karrar AL-GBURI |
| author_facet | Alyaa N. Doohee Noor H. Naser Karrar AL-GBURI |
| author_sort | Alyaa N. Doohee |
| collection | DOAJ |
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NSAIDs, recently have been shown to exert a wide variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activity. The triazole ring has various pharmacological activities of tetrazole ring, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. Hence, the aim of this study was to design, synthesize, molecular docking, and assess the antibacterial activity of new diclofenac derivatives incorporating a 1,2,4-triazole ring. Molecular docking studies were carried out using MOE 2015 software using a standard protocol. The new diclofenac derivatives (VIa-d) were synthesized by esterifying diclofenac, reacting the product with hydrated hydrazine and carbon disulfide, and cyclization to form a 1,2,4-triazole ring. Finally, the reaction of the benzoyl chloride derivatives with the primary amino group on the synthesized triazole ring via a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In vitro antibacterial activity of diclofenac, and the synthesized compounds were evaluated by using the agar-well diffusion method. Compounds (VIa-d) have shown a higher binding score than the reference ligand (Topotecan) against Human DNA topoisomerase I (PDB: 1K4T), while they were nearly identical to the reference ligand (levofloxacin) against type IV topoisomerase from S. pneumoniae (PDB: 3RAE). All of the compounds inhibited growth of the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with compound VId exhibiting the highest level of activity.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e66b1d026ace423e941eb57433e572c7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1683-3597 2521-3512 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | College of Pharmacy University of Baghdad |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-e66b1d026ace423e941eb57433e572c72025-08-20T02:10:19ZengCollege of Pharmacy University of BaghdadIraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences1683-35972521-35122025-03-0134110.31351/vol34iss1pp165-175Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and, Biological Activity of New Diclofenac Derivatives Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Ring as a Promising Antibacterial AgentsAlyaa N. Doohee0Noor H. Naser1Karrar AL-GBURI2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Holy Karbala, Iraq. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Holy Karbala, IraqDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq NSAIDs, recently have been shown to exert a wide variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activity. The triazole ring has various pharmacological activities of tetrazole ring, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. Hence, the aim of this study was to design, synthesize, molecular docking, and assess the antibacterial activity of new diclofenac derivatives incorporating a 1,2,4-triazole ring. Molecular docking studies were carried out using MOE 2015 software using a standard protocol. The new diclofenac derivatives (VIa-d) were synthesized by esterifying diclofenac, reacting the product with hydrated hydrazine and carbon disulfide, and cyclization to form a 1,2,4-triazole ring. Finally, the reaction of the benzoyl chloride derivatives with the primary amino group on the synthesized triazole ring via a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In vitro antibacterial activity of diclofenac, and the synthesized compounds were evaluated by using the agar-well diffusion method. Compounds (VIa-d) have shown a higher binding score than the reference ligand (Topotecan) against Human DNA topoisomerase I (PDB: 1K4T), while they were nearly identical to the reference ligand (levofloxacin) against type IV topoisomerase from S. pneumoniae (PDB: 3RAE). All of the compounds inhibited growth of the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with compound VId exhibiting the highest level of activity. https://bijps.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/bijps/article/view/2934DiclofenacMolecular Docking1,2,4-triazoleantibacterial activitybenzoyl chloride derivatives |
| spellingShingle | Alyaa N. Doohee Noor H. Naser Karrar AL-GBURI Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and, Biological Activity of New Diclofenac Derivatives Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Ring as a Promising Antibacterial Agents Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Diclofenac Molecular Docking 1,2,4-triazole antibacterial activity benzoyl chloride derivatives |
| title | Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and, Biological Activity of New Diclofenac Derivatives Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Ring as a Promising Antibacterial Agents |
| title_full | Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and, Biological Activity of New Diclofenac Derivatives Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Ring as a Promising Antibacterial Agents |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and, Biological Activity of New Diclofenac Derivatives Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Ring as a Promising Antibacterial Agents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and, Biological Activity of New Diclofenac Derivatives Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Ring as a Promising Antibacterial Agents |
| title_short | Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and, Biological Activity of New Diclofenac Derivatives Incorporating 1,2,4-Triazole Ring as a Promising Antibacterial Agents |
| title_sort | molecular docking synthesis and biological activity of new diclofenac derivatives incorporating 1 2 4 triazole ring as a promising antibacterial agents |
| topic | Diclofenac Molecular Docking 1,2,4-triazole antibacterial activity benzoyl chloride derivatives |
| url | https://bijps.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/bijps/article/view/2934 |
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