An Improved Power Optimizer Architecture for Photovoltaic (PV) String Under Partial Shading Conditions
In this paper, a better power optimizer architecture has been presented for PV strings, using a buck converter for each PV module to address partial shading conditions. The buck converter, though rarely used, is a natural converter for partial shading effects, as it converts the lower current of the...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Ali Faisal Murtaza Abdulhakeem Alsaleem Filippo Spertino |
| author_facet | Ali Faisal Murtaza Abdulhakeem Alsaleem Filippo Spertino |
| author_sort | Ali Faisal Murtaza |
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| description | In this paper, a better power optimizer architecture has been presented for PV strings, using a buck converter for each PV module to address partial shading conditions. The buck converter, though rarely used, is a natural converter for partial shading effects, as it converts the lower current of the shaded module to a higher output current. Usually, the advanced architecture activates the isolated converters (complex) of only shaded modules to draw extra current from the inverter’s DC-link node to maintain the string current (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). On the other hand, the conventional architecture activates converters (basic) of all modules regardless of their shading status. The proposed architecture contains a unique design with a new schematic layout, where it activates the buck converters of only shaded modules without drawing extra current from the DC-link. Thus, it combines the benefits of both architectures—selective converter operation, basic topology, high efficiency, low voltage stress, and low control complexity—while eliminating their drawbacks. The designing philosophy, control mechanism, and fundamental operation of the proposed architecture have been comprehensively explained and validated through simulation experiments. Three levels of shading are used to test the proposed architecture for string containing three PV modules: (1) a single module moderate (15%) shading level, (2) a single module strong (50%) shading level, and (3) a double module extreme (75%) and moderate (25%) shading levels. The results show a successful operation of the proposed architecture as it maintains a common <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> for an inverter, where all the shaded modules remain active. The architecture exhibits an average efficiency over 97% under normal conditions. A comparative analysis of architectures has been presented to indicate the enhanced features of the proposed architecture. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e666c8c1045645969017ff5fda7b3b862025-08-20T03:14:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011510579110.3390/app15105791An Improved Power Optimizer Architecture for Photovoltaic (PV) String Under Partial Shading ConditionsAli Faisal Murtaza0Abdulhakeem Alsaleem1Filippo Spertino2Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaDipartimento Energia “Galileo Ferraris”, Politecnico di Torino, 10138 Torino, ItalyIn this paper, a better power optimizer architecture has been presented for PV strings, using a buck converter for each PV module to address partial shading conditions. The buck converter, though rarely used, is a natural converter for partial shading effects, as it converts the lower current of the shaded module to a higher output current. Usually, the advanced architecture activates the isolated converters (complex) of only shaded modules to draw extra current from the inverter’s DC-link node to maintain the string current (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). On the other hand, the conventional architecture activates converters (basic) of all modules regardless of their shading status. The proposed architecture contains a unique design with a new schematic layout, where it activates the buck converters of only shaded modules without drawing extra current from the DC-link. Thus, it combines the benefits of both architectures—selective converter operation, basic topology, high efficiency, low voltage stress, and low control complexity—while eliminating their drawbacks. The designing philosophy, control mechanism, and fundamental operation of the proposed architecture have been comprehensively explained and validated through simulation experiments. Three levels of shading are used to test the proposed architecture for string containing three PV modules: (1) a single module moderate (15%) shading level, (2) a single module strong (50%) shading level, and (3) a double module extreme (75%) and moderate (25%) shading levels. The results show a successful operation of the proposed architecture as it maintains a common <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> for an inverter, where all the shaded modules remain active. The architecture exhibits an average efficiency over 97% under normal conditions. A comparative analysis of architectures has been presented to indicate the enhanced features of the proposed architecture.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5791photovoltaic systemphotovoltaic efficiencypower conversion efficienciesdistribution systemselectric power systemsrenewable energy |
| spellingShingle | Ali Faisal Murtaza Abdulhakeem Alsaleem Filippo Spertino An Improved Power Optimizer Architecture for Photovoltaic (PV) String Under Partial Shading Conditions Applied Sciences photovoltaic system photovoltaic efficiency power conversion efficiencies distribution systems electric power systems renewable energy |
| title | An Improved Power Optimizer Architecture for Photovoltaic (PV) String Under Partial Shading Conditions |
| title_full | An Improved Power Optimizer Architecture for Photovoltaic (PV) String Under Partial Shading Conditions |
| title_fullStr | An Improved Power Optimizer Architecture for Photovoltaic (PV) String Under Partial Shading Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Improved Power Optimizer Architecture for Photovoltaic (PV) String Under Partial Shading Conditions |
| title_short | An Improved Power Optimizer Architecture for Photovoltaic (PV) String Under Partial Shading Conditions |
| title_sort | improved power optimizer architecture for photovoltaic pv string under partial shading conditions |
| topic | photovoltaic system photovoltaic efficiency power conversion efficiencies distribution systems electric power systems renewable energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5791 |
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