A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Background: Oral cancer is an aggressive malignancy with modest survival rates. It also causes disfigurement following surgical removal of the tumor, thus highlighting the need for new cancer treatment and tissue repair modalities. Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising tools in both a...
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2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/3/109 |
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| author | Milica Jaksic Karisik Nataša Jović Orsini Jelena Carkic Milos Lazarevic Dijana Mitić Bojan Jokanovic Vukoman Jokanović Jelena Milasin |
| author_facet | Milica Jaksic Karisik Nataša Jović Orsini Jelena Carkic Milos Lazarevic Dijana Mitić Bojan Jokanovic Vukoman Jokanović Jelena Milasin |
| author_sort | Milica Jaksic Karisik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Oral cancer is an aggressive malignancy with modest survival rates. It also causes disfigurement following surgical removal of the tumor, thus highlighting the need for new cancer treatment and tissue repair modalities. Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising tools in both anticancer and regenerative therapies. Objectives: We aimed to synthesize a new carbon-based nanomaterial (CBN) and test its antineoplastic effects, as well as its potential regenerative capacity. Materials and Methods: A carbon nanomaterial, obtained by ball milling graphite flakes, was functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (CBN/PVP). Its physicochemical properties were explored with X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), micro-Raman spectroscopy, fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy, and wettability analysis. For the antineoplastic effects investigation, oral cancer cells were treated with CBN/PVP and examined with MTT and migration assays, as well as cell-cycle and ROS production analyses. Gene expression was determined by qPCR. To examine the pro-regenerative capacity of CBN/PVP, dental pulp stem cell cultures (DPSCs) were treated with the nanomaterial and subjected to osteo- and chondro-induction. Results: Lower concentrations of CBN/PVP (50, 100 μg/mL) applied on cancer cells exerted remarkable cytotoxic effects, induced G1 cell-cycle arrest, and reduced cancer cell invasion potential by different mechanisms, including downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In contrast, the addition of 50 µg/mL of CBN/PVP to DPSCs stimulated their survival and proliferation. CBN/PVP significantly enhanced both the osteogenic (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and chondrogenic (<i>p</i> < 0.01) induction of DPSCs. Conclusions: The novel carbon-based nanomaterial displays unique characteristics, making it suitable in anticancer and regenerative therapies concomitantly. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e65fa05e228d4856976add4f833c2468 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-e65fa05e228d4856976add4f833c24682025-08-20T03:43:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832025-03-0116310910.3390/jfb16030109A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem CellsMilica Jaksic Karisik0Nataša Jović Orsini1Jelena Carkic2Milos Lazarevic3Dijana Mitić4Bojan Jokanovic5Vukoman Jokanović6Jelena Milasin7School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaVinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSGL Carbon, 86405 Meitingen, Bavaria, GermanyInnovative Company ALBOS DOO, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaBackground: Oral cancer is an aggressive malignancy with modest survival rates. It also causes disfigurement following surgical removal of the tumor, thus highlighting the need for new cancer treatment and tissue repair modalities. Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising tools in both anticancer and regenerative therapies. Objectives: We aimed to synthesize a new carbon-based nanomaterial (CBN) and test its antineoplastic effects, as well as its potential regenerative capacity. Materials and Methods: A carbon nanomaterial, obtained by ball milling graphite flakes, was functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (CBN/PVP). Its physicochemical properties were explored with X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), micro-Raman spectroscopy, fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy, and wettability analysis. For the antineoplastic effects investigation, oral cancer cells were treated with CBN/PVP and examined with MTT and migration assays, as well as cell-cycle and ROS production analyses. Gene expression was determined by qPCR. To examine the pro-regenerative capacity of CBN/PVP, dental pulp stem cell cultures (DPSCs) were treated with the nanomaterial and subjected to osteo- and chondro-induction. Results: Lower concentrations of CBN/PVP (50, 100 μg/mL) applied on cancer cells exerted remarkable cytotoxic effects, induced G1 cell-cycle arrest, and reduced cancer cell invasion potential by different mechanisms, including downregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In contrast, the addition of 50 µg/mL of CBN/PVP to DPSCs stimulated their survival and proliferation. CBN/PVP significantly enhanced both the osteogenic (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and chondrogenic (<i>p</i> < 0.01) induction of DPSCs. Conclusions: The novel carbon-based nanomaterial displays unique characteristics, making it suitable in anticancer and regenerative therapies concomitantly.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/3/109oral cancercarbon nanomaterialCBN/PVPmilled graphitecancer therapytissue regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Milica Jaksic Karisik Nataša Jović Orsini Jelena Carkic Milos Lazarevic Dijana Mitić Bojan Jokanovic Vukoman Jokanović Jelena Milasin A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem Cells Journal of Functional Biomaterials oral cancer carbon nanomaterial CBN/PVP milled graphite cancer therapy tissue regeneration |
| title | A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_full | A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_short | A Carbon-Based Nanomaterial with Dichotomous Effects: Antineoplastic on Oral Cancer Cells and Osteoinductive/Chondroinductive on Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_sort | carbon based nanomaterial with dichotomous effects antineoplastic on oral cancer cells and osteoinductive chondroinductive on dental pulp stem cells |
| topic | oral cancer carbon nanomaterial CBN/PVP milled graphite cancer therapy tissue regeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/3/109 |
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