Emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for various infections in humans and animals. It is known for its resistance to multiple antibiotics, particularly through the production of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), and its ability to form biofilms that furthe...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84149-x |
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| author | Hanan S. Khalefa Amany A. Arafa Dalia Hamza Khaled A. Abd El-Razik Zeinab Ahmed |
| author_facet | Hanan S. Khalefa Amany A. Arafa Dalia Hamza Khaled A. Abd El-Razik Zeinab Ahmed |
| author_sort | Hanan S. Khalefa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for various infections in humans and animals. It is known for its resistance to multiple antibiotics, particularly through the production of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), and its ability to form biofilms that further complicate treatment. This study aimed to isolate and identify K. pneumoniae from animal and environmental samples and assess commercial disinfectants’ effectiveness against K. pneumoniae isolates exhibiting ESBL-mediated resistance and biofilm-forming ability in poultry and equine farms in Giza Governorate, Egypt. A total of 320 samples, including nasal swabs from equine (n = 60) and broiler chickens (n = 90), environmental samples (n = 140), and human hand swabs (n = 30), were collected. K. pneumoniae was isolated using lactose broth enrichment and MacConkey agar, with molecular confirmation via PCR targeting the gyrA and magA genes. PCR also identified ESBL genes (bla TEM , bla SHV , bla CTX-M , bla OXA-1) and biofilm genes (luxS, Uge, mrkD). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed, and the efficacy of five commercial disinfectants was evaluated by measuring inhibition zones. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from poultry (13.3%), equine (8.3%), wild birds (15%), water (10%), feed (2%), and human hand swabs (6.6%). ESBL and biofilm genes were detected in the majority of the isolates, with significant phenotypic resistance to multiple antibiotics. The disinfectants containing peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were the most effective, producing the largest inhibition zones, while disinfectants based on sodium hypochlorite and isopropanol showed lower efficacy. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the effectiveness of disinfectants against K. pneumoniae isolates across various sample origins (P < 0.05). The presence of K. pneumoniae in animal and environmental sources, along with the high prevalence of ESBL-mediated resistance and biofilm-associated virulence genes, underscores the zoonotic potential of this pathogen. The study demonstrated that disinfectants containing peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide are highly effective against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Implementing appropriate biosecurity measures, including the use of effective disinfectants, is essential for controlling the spread of resistant pathogens in farm environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e658ac8498af4d1daf5e48ad72041aff |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e658ac8498af4d1daf5e48ad72041aff2025-08-20T02:36:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111110.1038/s41598-024-84149-xEmerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniaeHanan S. Khalefa0Amany A. Arafa1Dalia Hamza2Khaled A. Abd El-Razik3Zeinab Ahmed4Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research CentreDepartment of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research CentreDepartment of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityAbstract Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for various infections in humans and animals. It is known for its resistance to multiple antibiotics, particularly through the production of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs), and its ability to form biofilms that further complicate treatment. This study aimed to isolate and identify K. pneumoniae from animal and environmental samples and assess commercial disinfectants’ effectiveness against K. pneumoniae isolates exhibiting ESBL-mediated resistance and biofilm-forming ability in poultry and equine farms in Giza Governorate, Egypt. A total of 320 samples, including nasal swabs from equine (n = 60) and broiler chickens (n = 90), environmental samples (n = 140), and human hand swabs (n = 30), were collected. K. pneumoniae was isolated using lactose broth enrichment and MacConkey agar, with molecular confirmation via PCR targeting the gyrA and magA genes. PCR also identified ESBL genes (bla TEM , bla SHV , bla CTX-M , bla OXA-1) and biofilm genes (luxS, Uge, mrkD). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed, and the efficacy of five commercial disinfectants was evaluated by measuring inhibition zones. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from poultry (13.3%), equine (8.3%), wild birds (15%), water (10%), feed (2%), and human hand swabs (6.6%). ESBL and biofilm genes were detected in the majority of the isolates, with significant phenotypic resistance to multiple antibiotics. The disinfectants containing peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were the most effective, producing the largest inhibition zones, while disinfectants based on sodium hypochlorite and isopropanol showed lower efficacy. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the effectiveness of disinfectants against K. pneumoniae isolates across various sample origins (P < 0.05). The presence of K. pneumoniae in animal and environmental sources, along with the high prevalence of ESBL-mediated resistance and biofilm-associated virulence genes, underscores the zoonotic potential of this pathogen. The study demonstrated that disinfectants containing peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide are highly effective against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Implementing appropriate biosecurity measures, including the use of effective disinfectants, is essential for controlling the spread of resistant pathogens in farm environments.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84149-xK. pneumoniaPoultryWild birdEquineHumanESBL |
| spellingShingle | Hanan S. Khalefa Amany A. Arafa Dalia Hamza Khaled A. Abd El-Razik Zeinab Ahmed Emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Scientific Reports K. pneumonia Poultry Wild bird Equine Human ESBL |
| title | Emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| title_full | Emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| title_fullStr | Emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| title_short | Emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| title_sort | emerging biofilm formation and disinfectant susceptibility of esbl producing klebsiella pneumoniae |
| topic | K. pneumonia Poultry Wild bird Equine Human ESBL |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84149-x |
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