Electrophysiological Abnormalities Associated With Sustained Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study investigates electrophysio- logical abnormalities in children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during sustained attention tasks, focusing on vigilance and inhibitory control, and explores associations between neural markers and atten...

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Main Authors: Jiajing Zhao, Mengyi Bao, Wencong Ruan, Rui Kuang, Haifeng Li, Yueming Wang, Lin Yao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10978111/
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author Jiajing Zhao
Mengyi Bao
Wencong Ruan
Rui Kuang
Haifeng Li
Yueming Wang
Lin Yao
author_facet Jiajing Zhao
Mengyi Bao
Wencong Ruan
Rui Kuang
Haifeng Li
Yueming Wang
Lin Yao
author_sort Jiajing Zhao
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates electrophysio- logical abnormalities in children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during sustained attention tasks, focusing on vigilance and inhibitory control, and explores associations between neural markers and attentional performance.Children with ADHD (n = 30), ASD (n = 23), and typically developing (TD) children (n = 31) completed a Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) task while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Event-related potentials (ERPs: P1, N2, P3) and event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS: theta ERS, alpha ERD, beta ERS) were measured and compared across groups. Correlations between electrophysiological features and behavioral performance were analyzedBoth ADHD and ASD groups demonstrated attenuated P1 amplitudes during vigilance task and reduced prefrontal theta ERS during inhibitory control. The ASD group exhibited additional impairments, including attenuated N2 amplitudes in inhibitory control, reduced P3 amplitudes, and weaker alpha ERD across conditions. The ADHD group showed additional deficits in theta ERS. Notably, N2 amplitude and theta ERS during vigilance state significantly correlated with response time measures. Children with ADHD and ASD share deficits in primary visual stimulus processing and inhibitory attention allocation. ASD-specific impairments involve top-down processing and inhibition, while ADHD-specific challenges involve attentional allocation and modulation. These findings enhance the electrophysiological understanding of sustained attention in ADHD and ASD, offering insights that may inform future diagnostic and intervention strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-e65789eec5f640aab5cf644a37c92a152025-08-20T01:50:29ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering1534-43201558-02102025-01-01331785179510.1109/TNSRE.2025.356460810978111Electrophysiological Abnormalities Associated With Sustained Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum DisorderJiajing Zhao0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2755-4575Mengyi Bao1Wencong Ruan2Rui Kuang3Haifeng Li4Yueming Wang5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-0722Lin Yao6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-7280Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaRehabilitation Department, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaRehabilitation Department, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaRehabilitation Department, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaThis study investigates electrophysio- logical abnormalities in children with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during sustained attention tasks, focusing on vigilance and inhibitory control, and explores associations between neural markers and attentional performance.Children with ADHD (n = 30), ASD (n = 23), and typically developing (TD) children (n = 31) completed a Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) task while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Event-related potentials (ERPs: P1, N2, P3) and event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS: theta ERS, alpha ERD, beta ERS) were measured and compared across groups. Correlations between electrophysiological features and behavioral performance were analyzedBoth ADHD and ASD groups demonstrated attenuated P1 amplitudes during vigilance task and reduced prefrontal theta ERS during inhibitory control. The ASD group exhibited additional impairments, including attenuated N2 amplitudes in inhibitory control, reduced P3 amplitudes, and weaker alpha ERD across conditions. The ADHD group showed additional deficits in theta ERS. Notably, N2 amplitude and theta ERS during vigilance state significantly correlated with response time measures. Children with ADHD and ASD share deficits in primary visual stimulus processing and inhibitory attention allocation. ASD-specific impairments involve top-down processing and inhibition, while ADHD-specific challenges involve attentional allocation and modulation. These findings enhance the electrophysiological understanding of sustained attention in ADHD and ASD, offering insights that may inform future diagnostic and intervention strategies.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10978111/ADHDASDsustained attentionelectroencephalography dynamicsvigilanceinhibition
spellingShingle Jiajing Zhao
Mengyi Bao
Wencong Ruan
Rui Kuang
Haifeng Li
Yueming Wang
Lin Yao
Electrophysiological Abnormalities Associated With Sustained Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
ADHD
ASD
sustained attention
electroencephalography dynamics
vigilance
inhibition
title Electrophysiological Abnormalities Associated With Sustained Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full Electrophysiological Abnormalities Associated With Sustained Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_fullStr Electrophysiological Abnormalities Associated With Sustained Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Electrophysiological Abnormalities Associated With Sustained Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_short Electrophysiological Abnormalities Associated With Sustained Attention in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_sort electrophysiological abnormalities associated with sustained attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
topic ADHD
ASD
sustained attention
electroencephalography dynamics
vigilance
inhibition
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10978111/
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